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PLAN Discuss research into infradian rhythms

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Plan for a full mark biopsychology essay.

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  • April 3, 2019
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  • 2017/2018
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scienceandpsych
Discuss research into infradian rhythms. (16 marks)

Outline:

 Biological rhythm, longer than 24 hours, e.g. menstrual cycle (28 days)
 Oestrogen and progesterone endogenous pacemakers
 Oestrogen development and release of egg (ovulation), progesterone thickens uterus lining
 Womb lining breaks down if no fertilisation

 McClintock, pheromones exogenous zeitgebers
 Gained pheromones from different stages, rubbed on upper lips
 68% changes in cycle

 SAD circannual rhythm
 Symptoms – persistently low mood, anhedonia – triggered in winter months
 Increased melatonin from pineal gland associated with less daylight affects serotonin
production, causing onset of depressive symptoms

Outline:

 P: research with similar results to McClintock’s
 E: Russell’s replication found same conclusions, Mora and Cabrera infradian and pheromones in
rats
 C: small samples, not generalisable to women universally
 A: stress, diet affect cycle, confounding variables
 A: explains why Trevathan replication failed to find synchrony
 L: issues with reliability and internal validity, scientific nature of claims is questionable

 P: McClintock’s suggestion that menstrual synchrony has evolutionary advantage disputed
 E: advantageous to menstruate together, care for new-borns collectively, survival
 C: Schank, produces competition for best males, limits potential of offspring
 A: raising new-borns collectively, extra pressure on resources such as food/water
 L: limited understanding of why pheromones are zeitgebers

 P: practical applications to treating SAD
 E: Eastman, phototherapy – lightbox that stimulates strong light in morning and evening to reset
melatonin – relieves symptoms in 60%
 C: negative ion generate (no physiological effect), relieved in 30%
 L: placebo effect makes it hard to analyse effectiveness, however beneficial for some users

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