MUSIC 2MT3 - Exam Review|A+ Graded
Preliterate Cultures
- before reading existed - used complex languages, but no symbol system for reading
- thought of music as a supernatural force that affected mental and physical wellbeing
- music and medicine were almost interchangeable in these cultures
...
MUSIC 2MT3 - Exam Review|A+ Graded
Preliterate Cultures
- before reading existed - used complex languages, but no symbol system for reading
- thought of music as a supernatural force that affected mental and physical wellbeing
- music and medicine were almost interchangeable in these cultures
- medicine men = healing rituals to appease gods
Ancient Egypt
- priest/physicians referred to music as medicine for the soul, often included chants as part of medical
practice
Ancient Greece
- music had force over thought, emotion and physical health
- healing shrines and temples had hymn specialists and music was prescribed to the mentally
disturbed
- emotional catharsis
Plato and ethos
- only listen to good music
- medicine for the soul
The Middle Ages
- medicine influenced by the 4 humours
- Boethius claimed that music had the power to degrade or improve human morals
- Saint Basil believed it to be a positive vehicle for sacred emotion
- hymns were considered effective against certain unspecified respiratory diseases
- want people to engage in the church
The Renaissance
- physicians prescribed music as a preventative medicine
- many epidemics occurred during this time, music was considered a powerful too to improve
emotional health
- western music, classical music based on the scales
Development of the Profession of Music Therapy
- with a shift towards a more holistic treatment approach, MT finally became accepted as a treatment
modality
- WW1 soldiers and PTSD
- musicians would come to the hospitals and used music, developed ways to engage and have intent,
interventions to work towards health care goals
MT in Canada - Mid 1950s
- music therapists were working independently in Canada
- Fran Herman - pioneer for canadian music therapy, facilitate engagement with her students
MT in Canada - 1960
- Norma Sharpe conducted a survey of music in hospitals across Canada
, - discovered that many hospitals use music and music activities and that many of the staff have
musical training/background
- survey provided baseline measure for music therapists
- survey increased awareness about music therapy in hospitals and institutions
Nordoff-Robbins
- Creative Music Therapy
- believed that music did the therapy
- "Music-Child"
- music-centred - not focused on verbal
- each person, regardless of age, their music-child remains capable (present, communicate, connect)
Biopsychosocial
- bio = limbic system
- psycho = memories/trauma
- social = brings us together or apart
- pain is an emotion which is the result of a biological event (or not)
- pain perception is affected by our mood
- our pain is likely to be elevated by negative experiences
- positive reinforcements can elevate mood, distract from the pain
Neurologic Music Therapy
- post-music therapy training
- NMT is a standardized evidence-based intervention and the outcomes are measurable
- NMT is not psychotherapy becase affect and mental illnesses are not worked on in this intervention
- NMT focuses on physical goals
Aesthetic Music Therapy
- music-centred & client centred
- the idea that the music should sound good
- the MTA supports the client's sounds
- the importance of the music, it should be aesthetically pleasing
- how the music sounds is important
- music should be the tool that facilitate change, should not need verbal
Behavioural Model
- the use of music as a contingent reinforcement or stimulus cue to increase or modify behaviour
- result-driven and therapist-led
- eg. child on the spectrum - hit drum with hands opposed to self
Cognitive Behavioural Model
- providing new experiences
- reframing experiences
- we all hold beliefs that are untrue and will impact our behaviour
Guided Imagery Method
- pre-recorded music
- discussion around images
- activates inner reflection
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