Cambridge A Levels A2 Physics Chapter 14 Temperature
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Module
Cambridge A Levels A2 Physics
Institution
Chapter 14 Temperature: 15 pages
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Temperature
The amount of average kinetic energy of particles.
Shows direction of net heat flow between two bodies in contact.
Thermal Equilibrium
Regions in contact are at the same temperature, and there is no net flow of heat between
both bodies.
If two bodies are in thermal equilibrium, the net rate of thermal energy transfer between them is zero.
Thermal energy is transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of higher temperature to a
region of lower temperature.
Measurement of Temperature
1) Thermometric Property
A measurable physical quantity/property which varies with temperature.
Example: i) The pressure of a gas at constant volume varies with temperature.
ii) The length of a liquid column increases with temperature (Thermometer).
iii) The resistance of a metal varies with temperature.
iv) The end of a thermocouple varies with temperature differences between its junctions.
Thermocouple:
• 2 different metals are required.
• A length of metal (Fe) has a length of metal
(Cu) soldered to it at each end.
• 2 junctions are produced.
• If the 2 junctions are at different temperatures, an e.m.f will be produced between the 2 free ends
of the thermocouple and can be measured using a voltmeter.
• The greater the difference in temperatures, the greater the voltage produced.
, This emf may not vary linearly with temperature.
The voltage produced depends on:
• The temperature
• The metals chosen
2) Fixed Points
A unique temperature at which a certain physical event occurs.
E.g:
(a) Ice Point (0oC)
The temperature at which pure water freezes at standard atmospheric pressure.
(b) Steam Point (100oC)
The temperature at which pure water boils at standard atmospheric pressure.
(c) Triple Point of Water (0.01oC / 273.16K)
The temperature at which the three states of water (solid, liquid and gas) coexists in thermal
equilibrium.
(d) Absolute Zero (0K)
The temperature at which the internal energy of a system is at its minimum /
The temperature at which the kinetic energy of molecules is zero/
The temperature at which the pressure of a gas is zero.
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