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BTEC unit 12 - diseases and infections assignment B
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BTEC applied science unit 12 disease and infection assignment B
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, It is unknown the amount of people who get Lyme disease, in America it isestimated that 476,000 people are diagnosed and treated each year. If
you have been diagnosed with Lyme disease it can usually be treated
within 2-4 weeks with oral antibiotics. However, there can be prolonged
affects that have not had treatments developed as of yet, but the affects
can be lessened with medications. This links back to the GLA as nobody
can rid the world of ticks, the GLA aims to change the Lyme genome to
lessen the amount of cases by understanding the effects better and
educating the world on how to keep themselves safe. This is helping
lessen the overall amount of cases as people know how to protect
themselves and by understanding and developing an antibiotic that works
effectively when fighting Lyme disease which in turn may prevent the
likeliness of someone developing long term affects.
b)
there are two ways infectious diseases can be spread, direct contact and
indirect. Direct contact can be from person-to-person contact, this is when
an infected person touches or swaps body fluids with someone else e.g.
STD’s. Another example would be droplet spread, when a person coughs
or sneezes small droplets are released that can infect someone else, this
needs proximity. Indirect contact can be airborne, this is when infectious
agents remain in the air for a long period of time, e.g. measles. Similar to
this, contaminated objects are indirect spreading, small organisms can
remain on objects for some time. Food and drink can become
contaminated which can lead to spread, E. Coli can be shared through
uncooked meat. Vectors are animal-to-animal contact, this happens when
an infected animal bites you, e.g. mosquitos and ticks. Animal-to-animal
diseases can spread to humans too, such as anthrax, rabies, and plague.
Lastly, disease can be spread through soil and water, hookworm can infect
people from soil (Higuera, 2022).
There are many different ways to prevent the spread of diseases, one example
would be prophylaxis. Prophylaxis means ‘to prevent’, this medicine includes
vaccines and medications. Antibiotics are a type of prophylaxis that prevent
bacterial infections. It works by killing bacteria and preventing them from
spreading. Antibiotics are needed when the infection is not likely to get better
without antibiotics, when the infection could infect others, or if it can cause
serious complications. Antibiotics attack the wall around the bacteria, prevent
the bacteria reproducing and block protein production. (NHS, 2022). Antivirals
are similar to antibiotics however, they attack viruses. This drug can help protect
you from getting viral infections and prevent you from spreading it to others. The
way they work is similar to antibiotics, they block the receptors to stop the virus
from attaching to other cells, it can boost the immune system and lower the
number of viruses in the body. This drug was useful when preventing Covid 19,
the vaccinations helped the virus from spreading to others which then lead to
less cases (Clinic, 2011). One simple way to stop the spread of disease is by
wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), this works best on infectious
diseases that contaminate via mouth, skin, or nose. This equipment can include
gloves, masks, body suits, and protective eyewear. They block the passage for
these infections and can lock the infection to one area to prevent it from
spreading further. These need to be handled carefully as some diseases can
linger on objects therefore, the clothing needs to be disposed of correctly. Human
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