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OCR A-level history: Wider world thematic chart
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State of Japan United Kingdom of Great Britain(Northern) Ireland
The United States of America
USA, like the European powers, exploited Sino-Japanese relations traditionally hostile -
Imperial China China for the start of this time period with Japan recovered from European “unequal Trade
USA signing agreements that were similar to treaties” swiftly - China remained fragmented and in the late eighteenth century and early 1
1839-1912 the unequal treaties, but later on they bankrupt British relations were affected.
changed their position, wanting to stop a A number of British delegations approach
scramble for Africa type scenario from Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 emperor with a proposal of strengthening
happening in China. Since 1874 Japan had been increasing influence links. China would thank Britain but say th
over Korea with aim for takeover - China viewed had nothing to offer China so there was n
In the aftermath of the Nanjing and Bogue Korea as tributary state - established diplomatic benefit for china.
treaties, the Chinese government entered into ties with Korean Royal Family. Lord MCCartney was let Into the forbidde
similar agreements with the USA, with the Treaty he caused embarrassment by not accept
of Wangxia 1845 granting America ‘most 1894, Korean King appealed for Chinese aid to kowtow in the traditional way Trade was n
favoured nation’ status, with the government’s suppress internal rebellion - Japan got to him first improved by this meeting China wanted.
motive for this being opening China to the USA and forced king to dismiss gov. - replaced with self dependent.
so it would play off Britain against other nations. pro-Japanese gov. China had a huge market of selling white
to Britain which was hugely profitable for
In Shanghai in the late 1850s, USA followed Refusing to recognise new regime and rejecting which also helped Chinese silk exports gr
Britain’s example of creating their own offices in Japanese offer of joint rule China declared War - along this trade route.
their concession areas. Britain and USA Manchu could not risk loss of face if it failed to
cooperated as it was mutually beneficial counter Japanese aggression - declaration Opium wars
diplomatically and economically and merged their characterised Japan as an expansionist bully. This started because the Manchu govern
concession areas in 1863. rejected Britain’s request to import more o
8 Months fighting from Aug 1894 - Apr 1895 - from Britain which started the first conflict
Taiping Rebellion - The Americans first looked China performed poorly, armies defeated, fleets
favourably upon the Taiping Rebellion as any scattered. long term causes
threat to the Manchu government increased By 1830 Britain's expansion as a major E
Western influence over it, but the Americans Incapable of winning v. fully equipped/well trained free trading power led to its explosion of C
turned against the rebels when the disorder Japanese - morale low, China sued for Peace - market Britain forced there market on chi
caused by the rebellion threatened American humiliating Treaty of Shimonoseki: Britain saw hw rich in resources China wa
interests. ● China gives up claim to Korea
● China pay indemnity of $230 Million The East Indian Company which had con
USA refused to support Japan during the triple silver dollars the opium trade in India and Burma even
intervention 1895 where Russia, Germany and ● Japan took Taiwan, Liaodong, Port 1000 chests in 1767 which rose to 40,000
France tried to ‘safeguard their legitimate Arthur & Pescadore Islands 1838
interests’ in China after being disturbed by ● Japan given right to establish factories &
Japanese gains from the Treaty of Shimonoseki, commercial premises in Chinese Treaty The growth in numbers of cartes doesn't
and they tried to achieve this by diplomatically Ports. necessarily represent the demand for opi
, The USA joined the international army against weakness made it ready to push things to
the Boxer uprising as whilst they wanted to point of conflict since it had every expecta
maintain their open door policy, they weren’t winning
prepared to countenance a Chinese Rebellion
which threatened American interests. Short term causes
In 1905, workers engaged in a widespread The purchase of opium was rapidly drawi
boycott of American goods, mainly due to the US treasury china's imports took over its exp
making their immigration laws more harsh and paying out 18 million silver
discriminate directly against Chinese people after
previously inviting them in to help build railways, Large impacts were being put on families
but also to embarrass the Manchu government workers from china's opium trade which c
over failing to take the lead in condemning disturb the
American policy.
It was on these economical and societal g
started seizing opium in 1839 but when it
legalised in 1838 people stock piled opium
warehouses
Lin Zexu's anti opium campaign saw 50,0
pounds of opium seized by the Chinese
authorities, 70,000 opium pipes were con
and 1,600 opium addicts arrested.
The emperor originally praised Lin but he
eventually blamed for the conflict betwee
and China because of hs tough stance
Characteristics of the war
The war on land was largely a matter of s
and counter sieges with Chinese forces o
westerns to take refuge in the foreign set
only British troops to break the sieges fre
beleaguered westerners, only for them to
china take shelter in its own areas.
Chinese weaponry was no match for the
The steam ships Britain had were able to
the slow wind powered Chinese boats an
destroy them the British also had rifles wh
hugely out matched the chinese flintlocks
The British made sure to capture vital
warehouses and barges in which the silve
raised to pay the soldiers
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