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AQA A Level Physical Education Paper 1 Exam Study Guide 2024 Update
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AQA A Level Physical Education Paper 1 Exam Study Guide 2024 Update
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AQA A Level Physical Education Paper 1Exam Study Guide 2024 Update
fitness - Answer>> the ability to cope with the demands made
during an individual day to day life
cardiac output - Answer>> The volume of blood pumped out
from the hearts left ventricles in one minute. stroke volume x heart
rate
stroke volume - Answer>> the volume of blood pumped by the
left ventricle in each contraction
heart rate - Answer>> number of beats per minute
bradycardia - Answer>> resting heart rate below 60bpm
venous return - Answer>> the volume of blood returned to the
hearts right atrium per min via the veins
max heart rate - Answer>> 220-age
starlings law - Answer>> the greater the force of contraction,
the greater the ejection faction
cardiac hypertrophy - Answer>> increased cardiac muscle
mass
cardiac conduction system - Answer>> a group of specialised
cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the heart that send signals to
the heart tissue
,sinoatrial node - Answer>> pacemaker of the heart
atrioventricular node - Answer>> where the impulse pauses in
the cardiac conduction system
sympathetic - Answer>> 'Fight or flight' - speeds up heart rate
Parasympathetic - Answer>> Maintains heart rate at rest -
slows down heart rate
Anticipatory Rise - Answer>> Increase in heart rate in
anticipation of an event
Myogenic - Answer>> originating in muscle tissue
vascular shunting - Answer>> Blood can be redistributed to
body parts
Chemoreceptors - Answer>> Detect changes in chemicals
medulla oblongata - Answer>> In the brain, motor and sensory
neurons travel through
tidal volume - Answer>> Amount of air that moves in and out of
the lungs per breathe
inspiratory reserve volume - Answer>> maximum amount of air
that can be forcebly inspired in addition to tidal volume
expiratory reserve volume - Answer>> maximum amount of air
that can be forcibly expired in addition to tidal volume
,vital capacity - Answer>> Maximum volume of air exhaled after
a maximal inspiration
residual volume - Answer>> Amount of air remaining in the
lungs after a maximal expiration
total lung capacity - Answer>> vital capacity + residual volume
minute ventilation - Answer>> The amount of air moved in and
out of the lungs in 1 min
bohr shift - Answer>> when an increase in CO2 and a decrease
in pH results in a reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for
oxygen. graph shifts to the right.
role of the inspiratory centre - Answer>> responsible for
inspiration and expiration
role of the expiratory centre - Answer>> stimulates the
expiratory muscles during exercise
The order of neural/chemical control for increased inspiration
during exercise is: - Answer>> Receptors - medulla oblongata -
phrenic nerve - inspiratory muscles (diaphragm, external
intercostals, scalenes and pectoralis minor)
The order of neural/chemical control for expiration during exercise
is: - Answer>> Receptors - medulla oblongata - intercostal
nerve - abdominals and internal intercostals
ball and socket - Answer>> a joint that allows movement in
every direction
, hinge joints - Answer>> a joint that that allows movement in
only one direction
sagittal plane/transverse axis - Answer>> a plane/axis that
passes through the body front to back, so dividing it into left and
right. elbow and knee (flexion and extension)
frontal plane/sagittal axis - Answer>> a plane/axis that passes
through the side of the body, so dividing it into the front and back.
shoulder and hip (adduction and abduction)
transverse plane/longitudinal axis - Answer>> a plane/axis that
passes through the middle of the body, so dividing it into the
bottom and top. shoulder and hip (horizontal adduction and
abduction)
agonist - Answer>> The muscle responsible for the movement
that is occurring
antagonist - Answer>> the muscle that works in opposition to
the agonist
Name the agonist & antagonist in elbow flexion - Answer>>
agonist - Biceps
antagonist - Triceps
Name the agonist & antagonist in elbow extension - Answer>>
agonist - Triceps
antagonist - Biceps
Name the agonist & antagonist in ankle plantar-flexion -
Answer>> agonist - Gastrocnemius
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