An in-depth timeline covering the whole period from for African Americans, including dates, events, significance, sorted into political, economic and social categories and colour-coded for a visual guide to change and continuity throughout the period. Got an A in A-Level history.
P/L/S DATE EVENT SIGNIFICANCE G/B
S 1865 - Civil War ends - enabled the government to control the
P/S - 13th Amendment passed Southern states and implement martial
(liberation of slaves) occupancy, resulting in the Reconstruction
S - Freedman’s Bureau formed Era and further Acts/Amendments
(provided food, shelter, healthcare - abolished slavery, giving African Americans
and education for freedmen) the opportunity to gain political, social and
S - KKK founded in Tennessee economic independence and equality
(intimidating African Aricans to stop - reflected a positive governmental attitude
them voting) towards helping African Americans to adapt
S - Black Codes enforced in Southern to freedom, giving social and economic aid
states (maintain African Americans’ - shows the existence of widespread
inferior position) opposition to racial equality, would cause
extreme violence and stop African
Americans from exercising their political
and civil rights and liberties
- shows the continuing negative attitudes
towards racial equality and the lack of
change in the South
P/S 1866 - Civil Rights Act passed (gave all - reflects the positive governmental attitude
people born in US equal rights) towards racial equality and the recognition
of a need for legislation on civil rights
1867 - First Reconstruction Act passed - avoided the widespread enforcement of
S (military surveillance in Southern Black Codes/Jim Crow laws, enabled the
states, divided South into military enforcement of the 13th / 14th / 15th
districts) Amendments and Civil Rights Acts
th
1868 - 14 Amendment passed (gave all - gave African Americans de jure political
P freedmen US citizenship and equal rights and equality in law, solidified and
protection under the law) united their identity, gave the legal
protection equivalent to that of whites
th
1870 - 15 Amendment passed (gave all - gave African Americans de jure political
P citizens the right to vote regardless rights, reflected a positive governmental
of race) attitude towards racial equality and the
- First Enforcement Act passed (Civil need for change
P Rights Act, enforced 15th - recognised the need to enforce political
Amendment) rights, reflected positive governmental
attitude and the need for change
1871 - Second Enforcement Act passed - federal law overpowered state power
P (enforced voting rights in spite of reflecting ultimate authority of the federal
discriminatory state laws) government and the absolute enforcement
- Third Enforcement Act passed of political rights
(Civil Rights Act, KKK Act, made the - recognised and condemned opposition
S actions of discriminatory groups parties, showing positive governmental
illegal) attitude towards African Americans
S 1872 - Freedman’s Bureau closes - suggests lack of governmental interest in
African American civil rights, caused greater
social and economic poverty and greater
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller bebro. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £14.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
