Politics C1 UK Politics/Core Political Ideas
// UK POLITICS - Answer-
Legitimacy - Answer-The rightful use of power in accordance with pre-set criteria or widely-held agreements, such as a government's right to rule following an election or a monarch's succession based on the agreed rules.
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Politics C1 UK Politics/Core Political
Ideas
// UK POLITICS - Answer-
Legitimacy - Answer-The rightful use of power in accordance with pre-set criteria or
widely-held agreements, such as a government's right to rule following an election or
a monarch's succession based on the agreed rules.
Direct democracy - Answer-All individuals express their opinions themselves and not
through representatives acting on their behalf. This type of democracy emerged in
Athens in classical times and direct democracy can be seen today in referendums.
Representative democracy - Answer-A more modern form of democracy through
which an individual selects a person (and/or political party) to act on their behalf to
exercise political choice.
Pluralist democracy - Answer-A type of democracy in which a government makes
decisions as a result of the interplay of various ideas and contrasting arguments from
competing groups and organisations.
Democratic deficit - Answer-A flaw in the democratic process where decisions are
taken by people who lack legitimacy, not having been appointed with sufficient
democratic input or subject to accountability.
Participation crisis - Answer-A lack of engagement by a significant number of citizens
to relate to the political process either by choosing not to vote or to join or become
members of political parties or to offer themselves for public office.
Franchise/ suffrage - Answer-Franchise and suffrage both refer to the ability/right to
vote in public elections. Suffragettes were women campaigning for the right to vote
on the same terms as men.
Think tanks - Answer-A body of experts brought together to collectively focus on a
certain topic(s) - to investigate and offer solutions to often complicated and
seemingly intractable economic, social or political issues.
Lobbyists - Answer-A lobbyist is paid by clients to try to influence the government
and/or MPs and members of the House of Lords to act in their clients' interests,
particularly when legislation is under consideration.
Old Labour (social democracy) - Answer-Key Labour principles embodying
nationalisation, redistribution of wealth from rich to poor and the provision of
continually improving welfare and state services, which largely rejected Thatcherite/
free-market reforms or a Blairite approach.
, New Labour (Third Way) - Answer-A revision of the traditional Labour values and
ideals represented by Old Labour. Influenced by Anthony Giddens, the 'Third Way'
saw Labour shift in emphasis from a heavy focus on the working class to a wider
class base, and a less robust alliance with the trade unions.
One Nation - Answer-A paternalistic approach adopted by Conservatives under the
leadership of Benjamin Disraeli in the 19th century and continued by David Cameron
and Theresa May in the 21st century, that the rich have an obligation to help the
poor.
New Right - Answer-There are two elements - (i) the neo (or new) Conservatives
who want the state to take a more authoritarian approach to morality and law and
order and (ii) the neo-liberals who endorsed the free- market approach and the
rolling back of the state in people's lives and businesses.
Classical liberals - Answer-Classical liberalism is a philosophy developed by early
liberals who believed that individual freedom would best be achieved with the state
playing a minimal role.
Modern liberals - Answer-Modern liberalism emerged as a reaction against free-
market capitalism, believing this had led to many individuals not being free. Freedom
could no longer simply be defined as 'being left alone'.
Party systems - Answer-The way or manner in which the political parties in a political
system are grouped and structured. There are several variants that could apply to
the UK, these include one-party dominant, two-party, two-and-a-half party and multi-
party systems.
Left wing - Answer-A widely-used term for those who desire change, reform and
alteration to the way in which society operates. Often this involves radical criticisms
of the capitalism made by liberal and socialist parties.
Right wing - Answer-This term reflects support for the status quo, little or no change,
stressing the need for order, stability and hierarchy - generally relates to
Conservative parties
First-past-the-post (FPTP) - Answer-An electoral system where the person with the
most number of votes is elected. Victory is achieved by having one more vote than
other contenders - it is also called a plurality system
Additional Member System (AMS) - Answer-A hybrid electoral system that has two
components or elements. The voter makes two choices. Firstly, the voter selects a
representative on a simple plurality (FPTP) system then a second vote is
apportioned to a party list for a second or 'additional' representative
Single Transferable Vote (STV) - Answer-This system allows voters to rank their
voting preferences in numerical order rather than simply having one voting choice. In
order to obtain a seat, a candidate must obtain a quota. After the votes are cast,
those with the least votes are eliminated and their votes transferred and those
candidates with excess votes above the quota also have their votes transferred.
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