NICU Nurse Core Review, NICU Study
Guide Questions with complete solution
ductus arteriosus (what is it, what does it do, and why?) - ANSWER-blood vessel in fetal
heart between pulmonary artery and aorta; shunts blood from right to left due to high
pulmonary vascular resistance
allows most of blood coming from r. ventricle to bypass lungs (which are not functioning
in fetus)
foramen ovale - ANSWER-hole connecting the atria in fetal heart; shunts blood from
right to left (due to high pulmonary vascular resistance)
acts as another route for blood to bypass the lungs (along with ductus arteriosis)
purpose of surfactant in lungs - ANSWER-reduces surface tension in the alveolar fluid
- air (CO2/O2) has to travel through layer of fluid in order to diffuse
oxygen saturation monitoring location for neonatal resuscitation
&
O2 sat %'s after birth (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 mins) - ANSWER-upper right arm (preductal
location)
oxygen saturation monitoring location (long term NICU stay, not neonatal resuscitation)
- ANSWER-bottom of foot
or
fleshy part of palm of right hand
, most important FHR characteristic indicating fetal oxygenation status? -
ANSWER-variability
accelerations are also important in reflecting normal autonomic regulation of FHR
(oxygenation)
FHR baseline range - ANSWER-110-160 BPM
two main causes of deccelerations - ANSWER-1) autonomic slowing of FHR in
response to to changes in blood pressure, blood gases, and other possible factors
2) direct FHR lowering resulting from disrupted oxygen disruption
Blood Gases of umbilical vasculature - ANSWER-Umbilical veins carry oxygenated
blood from placenta to fetus
Umbilical arteries carry deoxygenated blood back to mothers circulation
s/s of neonatal sepsis - ANSWER-*present w/in 12 hrs of birth
- hypoglycemia
- poor feeding
- lethargy
- temp. instability
- respiratory distress
- weak pulses in all extremities
- cyanosis
diaphragmatic hernia - ANSWER-abnormal opening in the diaphragm that allows part of
the abdominal organs to migrate into the chest cavity
s/s include:
- *scaphoid abdomen* r/o other diagnoses
- barrel chest
- dimished breath sounds
- bowel sounds heard in chest cavity
- s/s of respiratory distress
VEAL CHOP - ANSWER-V- Variable C- Cord Comphression
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