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ONS fundamentals Questions and answers
ONS fundamentals Questions and answers
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ONS fundamentals Questions andanswers
when chemo is used before primary treatment (surgery) to reduce the size of a
tumor - ANSWER-neoadjuvant therapy
neoadjuvant therapy is common for what 2 kind of cancers? - ANSWER-colon
and breast
when chemo is used after primary (surgery, radiation) - ANSWER-adjuvant
induction - ANSWER-start of chemo
consolidation - ANSWER-testing labs and such after chemo
myeloblation - ANSWER-destroying the bone marrow in order to a transplant for
leukemias
what do alkylayting agents do? - ANSWER-directly damage the DNA to stop
replication
Alkylating agents major side effects - ANSWER-naseau and vomititng,
myelosupression, neurotoxicity
alkylating ages examples - ANSWER-cisplatin, carboplatin, busulfan,
cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, melphalan, oxaliplatin
cyclophosphamide - ANSWER-used for leukemias, lymphomas, myeloma, breast
and ovarian cancer, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma. HYDRATE before and
after (can cause acute hemmoragic cystitis). can cause liver and renal damage.
can cause extreme nausea, and cardiac issues. contraindicated if extreme
marrow suppression.
, cisplatin - ANSWER-used for bladder, testes, ovaries, endometrial cancer, lung
cancer, head and neck and squamous cell. contraindicated for bad kidneys,
hearing loss, neuropathy, lactation, and myelosupresion. vesicant. can cause
neuropathy and ototoxicmy, extreme nausea, delayed nausea. need fluids!
carboplatin - ANSWER-ovaries, head and neck, lung, cervial, metastatic breast,
testicular, lymphoma, relapse leukemia. contraindicated with marrow
suppression, lactation, and bleeding tendencies. anaphylactic reactions can
occur!
Antimetabolites - ANSWER-interfere with DNA. methotrexate and flourouracil.
can cause myelosupresion, nausea and vomiting, mucositis, and gastrointestinal
toxicity.
methotrexate - ANSWER-use aggressive hydration, can cause renal and liver
impairment. no pregnant or breast-feeding. hydrate
5-flourouracil - ANSWER-no people with poor nutrition, myelosupression, or
serious infection. can cause EKG changes, angina, hypotension, myocardial
ischemia. effects normally within first 2 days. avoid excessive sun exposure.
leukovorin can help enhance. give ice chips to hold in mouth 10-15 minutes
before and after transfusion to help prevent mouth soars. assess mouth!!
antitumor antibiotic - ANSWER-alter DNA. doxorubicin. cardiac toxicity,
myelosupression, vesicant
doxorubacin - ANSWER-used for tumors and blood cancers. vesicant. go slow.
be aware of patients heart. cardiotoxic.
Nitrosoureas - ANSWER-inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis. can cross blood brain
barrier! can cause secondary malignancies. pulmonary fibrosis, anorexia,
alopecia. example: carmustine
carmustine - ANSWER-pulmonary toxic, be aware.
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