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ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy_Immunotherapy Lesson 11_ Targeted Therapies Questions and answers
ONS_ONCC Chemotherapy_Immunotherapy Lesson 11_ Targeted Therapies Questions and answers
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ONS/ONCCChemotherapy/Immunotherapy Lesson 11:
Targeted Therapies Questions and
answers
How targeted therapy and chemo differ - ANSWER--targeted therapies act on
specific molecular targets on or within the cells that are associated with cancer,
whereas standard chemo act on all rapidly dividing cells-chemo has more
SEs-targeted therapy ae chosen and designed to interact with their target on or
within the cells, whereas chemo were DIed because they kill cells-targeted
therapies are often cytostatic (they block tumor cell proliferation) whereas chemo
agents are cytotoxic (kill tumor cells)
Goals of targeted therapy - ANSWER--disease cure when used as primary or
adjuvant therapy
-improving overall response or increase disease-free survival when used in
combination with conventional therapies
-controlling or stabilizing disease
-maintaining or enhancing quality of life
-decreasing the severity of toxicities from other therapies
Ligand - ANSWER-a substance that forms a complex with another biomolecule
to exert a biologic effect
Ligand Binding - ANSWER-process by which the ligand attaches to a specific
receptor site and activates that receptor, activating the signaling pathway
Dimerization - ANSWER-two monomers that are side-by-side on the surface of
the cell are paired and activated by a ligand, which causes a series of signals
, Kinase - ANSWER-type of enzyme that adds chemicals called phosphates to
other molecules such as sugars or proteins causing other molecules in the cell to
become either active or inactive
phosphorylation - ANSWER-activation of a chemical process to initiate signaling
targeted therapies work by doing the following - ANSWER-1. blocking
angiogenesis
2. blocking signals inside or outside the cell
3. delivering toxic substances to the cell
4. stimulating the body's immune system
BCR/ABL - ANSWER--fusion protein tyrosine kinase formed with a gene
translocation occurs between gene 9 and 22-gene abnormality called the
Philadelphia chromosome seen in CML and ALL
VEGF - ANSWER-this is the primary angiogenic factor produced by cells
mTOR - ANSWER--target of rapamycin-a protein that tells cells when to grow,
divide, and survive
Two ways that angiogenesis inhibitors work - ANSWER-1. some intergere with
action of VEGF which stimulates n ew blood vessel formation2. others target
their molecules that stimulate new blood vessel growth
Small Molecule Compound Targeted Therapies - ANSWER--end in -ib-targets
located inside the cell because these gents are able to enter cells more
easily-intracellular-most given orally
Monoclonal Antibody Targeted Therapy - ANSWER-- end in -mab-relatively large
in size and therefore usually cannot enter cells-extracellular or
transmembrane-man made version of antibodies that are designed to attack a
very specific target on cancer cells-usually from mice
Targeted Therapy NCI definition - ANSWER-a type of treatment that uses drugs
or other substances to identify/attack specific types of cancer cells with less harm
to normal cells. Some therapies block the action of certain enzymes, proteins, or
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