Thorough revision notes for the 'Settlement' component of CIE AS core human geography, with case study detail included at relevant points. The notes have been constructed by referencing Garrett Nagle and Paul Guinness' revision guide for the course, as well as class notes from a nationally high-ran...
- Agricultural land is 73% of UK’s land area, but less than
2% of total workforce is now employed in agriculture.
- Size of farms has steadily increased.
- Significant loss in hedgerows, which provide important
ecological networks.
- Agricultural wages are significantly below national avg.,
so farmers are among poorest of the working poor.
- As many farmers have struggled to make a living from
traditional agricultural practices, a growing no. have
sought to diversify.
o E.g. farm shops, B&Bs…
Counterurbanisation & rural landscape:
- Green belt restrictions have limited impact of CU in
many areas adjacent to cities.
- Greatest impact of CU has thus been just beyond green
belts where commuting is still viable, so rural
settlements have grown substantially and changed in
character.
- Depopulation now generally confined to the most
isolated areas of the country, but there are exceptions
where economic conditions are esp. dire.
o Unmarried young adults migrate to regional
centres for better socio-economic opportunities.
o Rural pop. decreases, ages and births fall below
replacement level.
o Reduction in business services due to falling
demand (e.g. bus services, post offices).
, o Key social service provision cut, e.g. primary
schools.
o Loss of services induces further out-migration of
young families and ensures that in-migration is
minimal.
o Ageing pop. left behind, with high dependency.
Issue of rural services:
- Rural services have been in decline for no. of decades,
impacting heavily upon q. of l. of many ppl, esp. those
without a car.
- In England, this has largely been due to:
o Effect of market forces / arrival of supermarkets in
local areas which local services can’t compete with.
o More mobile residents with different consumer
patterns now a greater part of rural life.
o Rural residents no longer content with relatively
poor & expensive services and often with the
means to access better services elsewhere.
- 1950s-1970s, gov. used concept of key villages in rural
settlement policy.
- Focusing services, facilities and employment in one
selected settlement would satisfy essential needs of
surrounding villages/hamlets.
- With falling demand, dispersed services would decline
rapidly in areas vulnerable to depopulation.
- Only way to maintain good level of service provision in
such an area would be to focus on locations with
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