Summary
Summary - Unit 2 SCLY2 - Education with Research Methods
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- AQA
The document looks at differences between educational achievement based on gender. The document also looks at gendered identities.
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GENDER DIFFERENCES IN ACHIEVEMENTSGender has a great impact on how pupils perform in school. Earlier sociologists used to talk about why
girls underperform in school, maybe because historically girl's education was considered unimportant,
but since the 1980s there has been a shift. Today girls outperform boys due to various factors, which can
be seen through various stats.
At A and AS level girls are more likely to sit pass and achieve better grades than boys
They are more likely to be better at every subject that boys in their GCSES
Though there has been an improvement in results for both the genders, the improvement for girls is
higher and more significant
External factors
1. IMPACT OF THE FEMINIST MOVEMENT
Since the 1960s due to the rise of the feminists movements girls all over the world challenged
the patriarchal nature of society and fought for equality.
This brought about a change in how females perceived themselves and how others perceived
them.
For instance, according to Angela McRobbie in her study of girl’s magazines, she found b that in
the 1970s these magazines emphasized on the importance of marriage but by the 1990s they
included images of assertive and independent women
2. CHANGE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE FAMILY
There has been a decline in marriages, childbearing and an increase in divorce and cohabitation
which may show us that traditional family is declining. Due to decline in traditional family and
reduced family size females are no longer bound to their houses and face traditional pressures
and hence are free to pursue things that they want to
According to Sarah Harper, there has been an increase in the number of opportunities of females
and they no longer see being and wife and mother their main and only role
3. CHANGE IN EMPLOYMENT AND POLICIES
Policies like sex discrimination and equal pay have led to greater equality in society and a change
in the views of what females are supposed to do. For instance, according to the British social
attitudes survey of 2013, there has been a decline in the number of people who thought that
females should just stay at home. In the 1980s 45% of men and 43% of women believed so but
by 2013 only 13% of men and 12% of women believed so.
Hence because of this, females became more confident to go out and work
Today some females are even breaking through the glass ceiling that prevented them from being
equal to men
4. CHANGE IN AMBITIONS OF FEMALES
There has been a change in how females perceive themselves and what they expect from the
future.
Sue sharp conducted interviews with girls in 1970s and 1990s and found that their had been a
change in the attitude of girls
In 1970s girls were not very ambitious about their future and saw educational success as
unfeminine. They prioritized being a mother and a wife
Whereas in 1990s she found that females were more ambitious and prioritized their career. They
wanted to be independent and reach a position where they did not have to rely on others
O’Conners found in his study of 14-17yrs old that marriage was not a big part of their future plan.
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