Exam (elaborations)
ANSC 1401 Sam Jackson Final
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- ANSC 1401 Crossland
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- ANSC 1401 Crossland
ANSC 1401 Sam Jackson Final
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ANSC 1401 Sam Jackson FinalLivestock Domestication (@10,000 yrs ago) - ANS-initiated after the development of
farming; created the support for civilization
Mendel's Laws (1866) - ANS-provided an understanding of inheritance principles
Breed Associations (20th century) - ANS-created organized infrastructure for the
utilization of genetic prediction tools and advancement of controlled populations
Molecular Biology Discoveries (present) - ANS-technologies with the capability of
replacing and/or supplementing traditional animal breeding practices
genetics - ANS-the science of heredity
animal breeding - ANS-the application of scientific knowledge to the genetic
improvement of animals
natural selection - ANS-random mating of animals in nature independent of man's
control
- promotes reproductive fitness
- truest form of environmental adaptation
artificial selection - ANS-human intervention process whereby parents are chosen and
the extent of their prolificacy is controlled
- increased likelihood of generation superiority
- achievement of a specific goal
- improvement in production efficiency
- vulnerability to negative genetic correlations
breeding objective - ANS-a goal focused on attainment of the most ideal traits for the
breeding program or production system
breeding program - ANS-selection of the most desirable animals for propagation of
superior genetics
qualitative trait - ANS-a categorical trait which can not be measured and is generally
controlled by only one or a few genes
, quantitative trait - ANS-a continuous trait which can be measured and is controlled by
numerous additive genes
expression equation - ANS-P + G + E
Penotype (P) - ANS-an observable or quantifiable expression of a trait (ex: red, 80 lb,
BW)
Genotype (G) - ANS-the genetic makeup of an individual
Environment (E) - ANS-all non-genetic factors which influence phenotype (ex: nutrition,
health, weather)
heritability - ANS-probability that a trait will be in the offspring
expected progeny difference - ANS--the difference in performance to be expected from
future progeny of an individual compared to the average
-difference implies a genetic comparison
-EPDs only address genetic differences
inbreeding - ANS-the mating of relatives; which results in increasing the number of
homozygous gene combinations
crossbreeding - ANS-the mating of different breeds; results in increasing the number of
heterozygous gene combinations (heterosis)
heterosis - ANS-an increase in the performance of hybrids over the average
performance of the parents
concentrates - ANS-high in energy, low in fiber, highly digestible
-carbonaceous: low in protein; cereal grains (ex: corn & wheat)
-nitrogenous: high in protein; oil meals (ex: cottonseed meal, soybean meal
roughages - ANS-low in energy, high in fiber, less digestible
-carbonaceous: low in protein; mature grass hay, stover, mature cereal grain silage
-nitrogenous: high in protein; legume hay and silage, growing pasture and silage
proteins structure - ANS-amino acids --> peptide --> polypeptide --> protein
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