Cortisol - ANS-a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. It is elevated during stress
and has been used as a gauge for degree of stress an animal is under
Dark Cutter - ANS-an animal which is stressed at the time of slaughter
Flight or fight response - ANS-response to a perceived harmful event , attack, or threat
to survival
Flight zone - ANS-the distance that an animal is caused to flee from the intruder,
animal's personal space
Point of balance - ANS-located at the animals shoulder; cattle will move forward in a
chute or pen when handler passes this point in the opposite direction
Parasympathetic Nervous - ANS-autonomic nervous system, "rest and digest" system;
conserves energy as it slows heart rate, increases intestinal and gland activity and
relaxes sphincter muscles in the gastrointestinal tract
System - ANS-
Sympathetic Nervous System - ANS-
Food Security - ANS-the state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of
affordable, nutritious food
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - ANS-inspects food and food-processing facilities
to ensure wholesomeness and safety
Generically Modified Organisms (GMO) - ANS-an organism that has been modified by
altering one or more genes using rDNA technology
Greenhouse Gases - ANS-a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing
infrared radiation ( carbon dioxide and chlorofluorocarbons)
,Growth Implants - ANS-the process of adding tissues similar to those already present in
the body to increase the size of an organism toward the goal of maturity when growth
stops
Ionophores - ANS-are feed additives used in cattle diets to increase feed efficiency and
body weight gains
Sub-therapeutic Antibiotics - ANS-quantities too low to treat diseases
Sustainable Agriculture Practices - ANS-agriculture that meets the needs of the present
generation without jeopardizing the ability of further generations to meet their own
needs and without limiting their choices
Therapeutic Antibiotics - ANS-used to treat clinically ill animals inhibit or kill bacteria;
controls infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria
Technology - ANS-the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes,
especially in industry
Animal Science - ANS-the combination of disciplines that together comprise the study of
domestic animals; traditionally associated with livestock species; includes pet and
companion animals
Biometry - ANS-the application of statistics to topics in biology
Biofuel - ANS-fuel derived from biological materials such as crops and animal waste
Carcass By-Products - ANS-the remaining carcass (bones, organs, blood, beaks, etc)
that is made into an additional food such as meal
Domestic Livestock - ANS-those species raised in a agricultural setting to produce
commodities such as food, fiber and labor
Ethology - ANS-the study of animals in their natural environment; studies are used to
compare species
FAO - ANS-Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations; the largest
autonomous agency within the United Nations; works to alleviate poverty and hunger by
promoting agricultural development assistance
, Green Revolution - ANS-Dramatic improvements in grain production in developing
countries during the 1960s to the 1980s because of technological innovation and
application
Xenotransplantation - ANS-transplanting animal organs into humans
Adaptation - ANS-the sum of the changes an animal makes in response to
environmental stimuli
Centrally Planned Economy - ANS-an economy under government control; Prices,
labor, and other economic inputs are controlled and are not allowed to fluctuate in
accordance with supple and demand
Developed Agriculture - ANS-advanced farming practices on worldwide level
Extensively Managed - ANS-agricultural systems practiced in a manner that spreads
human time and attention across vast acreages and/or large number of animals
Intensively Managed - ANS-animals produced in intensive system are kept in more
concentrated conditions, fed higher quality feeds, and have much more labor ,
technology, and overall attention directed to them
Market Economy - ANS-economies in which prices are freely determined by the laws of
supply and demand
Primitive Agriculture - ANS-shifting cultivation and nomadic herding
Stress - ANS-a physical, emotional, or chemical factor causing body or mental strain or
tension; contributing factor to disease
Subsistence Agriculture - ANS-farming that provides enough food for the farmer and his
family but not enough for sale
Applied Nutrients - ANS-practical production-oriented nutritionist. a basic nutritionist
might discover that compound X improves rate of growth. while this kind of nutritionist
would work on practical questions such as cost effectiveness, method of deliver and
carcass effects
Basic Nutritionist - ANS-a person interested in elucidating basic metabolism and nutrient
action and interaction (studies body)
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