Summary
Full AQA GCSE Physics Grade 9 condensed summary notes
Summary notes for topic 1-6 and 8 unfortunately there is no topic 7, reflected on lower price
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Table of Contents1 Energy .................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Electricity ............................................................................................................................. 12
3 Particle model of matter ..................................................................................................... 25
4 Atomic structure .................................................................................................................. 31
5 Forces .................................................................................................................................. 41
6 Waves .................................................................................................................................. 60
8 Space ................................................................................................................................... 71
,1 Energy
1.1 Energy changes in a system, and the ways energy is stored before and after such
changes
1.1.1 Energy stores and systems
------ System
An object or group of objects
------ Principle of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, can only be transferred from 1 store to another
------ Energy
Property that must be transferred to an object in order to heat up an object
J (Joules)
✪ Types of energy stores
Kinetic energy store – energy object has bc it’s moving
Gravitational energy store – energy objects have due to position above ground
Where does an object gain most/least gravitational energy? Gains when lifted up, least
when it falls
Elastic energy store – energy stored in stretched spring/elastic bands
Electrostatic energy store – energy due to force of attraction between 2 charges
Magnetic energy store – energy due to force of attraction between 2 magnets
Chemical energy store – energy found in fuels, food & in batteries, transferred during
chemical reactions
Nuclear energy store – energy contained within nucleus of an atom
Thermal energy store – energy substance has due to high temp
,✪ Types of energy transfers
Mechanical – force acts on body, moving an object thru a distance e.g. turning doorknob
Electrical – charge moving due to p.d. e.g. power source
Heating – due to temp diff. caused electrically, transferred by conduction, convection &
radiation
Radiation – transferred as a wave (light, infrared) e.g. sound & light
✪ Situations
Object projected upwards
Object hitting obstacles
, Work done = force x distance
(J) (N) (m)
✪ Work done
= Energy transferred
Force moves an object through a distance, work is done on object, energy is transferred
Qs>
How energy of a system can be changed through work done by force?
e.g. box being lifted up, box=system
work is done against gravity when box lifted
energy transferred to the box’s kinetic and gravitational potential energy stores
How energy of a system can be changed in electrical equipment?
Transfer energy between different energy stores
e.g. electrical toothbrush
= system
(energy store) Chemical energy store of battery -> kinetic
Transfers electrically (energy transfer)
Some energy transferred to surrounding by sound and heating
How can energy of a system be changed in heating?
e.g. pan of water = system
transferred by heating -> thermal energy store of pan & water
1.1.2 Changes in energy
✪ Equations
(J) (kg)(m/s)
(J) (N/m)(m)
(J) (kg)(N/kg)(m)
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