NURSING 406 Test bank for Exam I patho:pharm Q & As BEST TESTBANK EXAM SOLUTION
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Module
NURSING 406
Institution
NURSING 406
routes of administration - ANS oral disintegration, suspension solutions, powders, capsules, tablets, coated tablets, enteric coated tablets
pharmaceutics - ANS the science of preparing and dispensing drugs
pharmacokinetics - ANS drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion ...
NURSING 406 Test bank for
Exam I patho:pharm Q & As
BEST TESTBANK EXAM
SOLUTION
routes of administration - ANS oral disintegration, suspension solutions,
powders, capsules, tablets, coated tablets, enteric coated tablets
pharmaceutics - ANS the science of preparing and dispensing drugs
pharmacokinetics - ANS drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion (ADME); study of what happens to a drug from the time it is put in
the body until the drug has left the body
pharmacodynamics - ANS biochemical and physiological effect of drugs on
the body
enteral route - ANS oral, sublingual, buccal, and rectal
parenteral route - ANS IV (fastest, IM, subq, intradermal, intraarterial,
intrathecal, and intraarticular
fluid and electrolytes percentages - ANS Water: 60%
ICF fluid: 20%
Interstitial fluid: 15%
Intravascular fluid: 5%
,Renin Angiotensin-aldosterone system RAAS - ANS Renin converts
angiotensinogen to angiotensin I in the liver
ACE is made in the lung and turns angiotensin I to angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors stop production of ACE to lower BP
Vasoconstriction occurs and stimulates release of aldosterone to increase
BP, increase fluid in blood vessels, a nd cause hypertension
aldosterone function - ANS retains sodium and water
ADH system function - ANS released when there is an increase in plasma
osmolality or decrease in circulating blood volume
hypotonic solution (hyponatremia) - ANS serum sodium level is less than
135 mEq/L which causes plasma hypo osmolality and cellular swelling
Isotonic solution - ANS volume depletion (hypovolemia), volume excess
(hypervolemia); the concentration stays the same, the difference is the
amount of salt
hypertonic solution - ANS serum sodium level is about 145 mEq/L related to
sodium gain or weight loss
hyponatremia - ANS less than 135 mEq/L; loss of sodium caused by
diuretics, excessive perspiration
symptoms of hyponatremia - ANS lethargy, stomach cramps, hypotension,
vomiting, diarrhea, and seizures
, treatment of hyponatremia - ANS oral rehydration solutions (gatorade,
pedialyte), salt tablets
hypernatremia - ANS more than 145 mEq/L; high sodium levels caused by
being thirsty, hot temperatures, kidney problems, and low water intake
hypernatremia symptoms - ANS red, flushed skin, increased thirst, elevated
temperature
treatment of hypernatremia - ANS water , salt free drinks
hypokalemia - ANS less than 3.5 mEq/L; loss of potassium from diarrhea
hypokalemia manifestations - ANS T wave becomes shorter and flatter,
skeletal muscle weakness, cardiac dysrhythmias
treatment of hypokalemia - ANS replace potassium orally or IV
hyperkalemia - ANS more than 5.5 mEq/L; increase of potassium caused by
increased intake, hypoxia, acidosis, insulin deficiency, etc.
hyperkalemia manifestations - ANS peaked T wave, tingling of lips and
fingers, restlessness, intestinal cramping and diarrhea
treatment of hyperkalemia - ANS insulin or glucose, give laxative to lower
the K+ levels (kayexalate)
Normal sodium levels - ANS 135-145 mEq/L
Normal potassium levels - ANS 3.5-5.5 mEq/L
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