A complete summarised group of documents complete for GCSE Chemistry AQA 9-1. To make these Summaries I used 3 sources: The CGP revision guide, My GCSE Science Videos and Free science lessons videos. I achieved a 9 in GCSE AQA Triple Chemistry.
C6 The Rate and Extent of Chemical
Change
Rates of Reaction
Rate of Reaction: How fast the reactants are changed
into products
Rate of Reaction Graphs
1. The steeper the line on the graph the faster the
Rate of Reaction
2. The flatter the line means that less reactant is reacting because
most of it has already reacted
3. The quickest reactions have steep lines initially and then flat
lines in the least time
Collision Theory
Chemical reactions can occur only when reacting particles collide with
each other and with sufficient energy (the activation energy)
Rate of a chemical reaction depends on
1. The collision frequency: more collisions, the faster the reaction is (double collisions will double the
rate)
2. The energy transferred during a collision: particles have to collide with enough energy for the
collisions to be successful
The activation energy is the minimum amount of energy particles must have to react
Factors Affecting Rates of Reaction
1. TEMPERACTURE
As you increase the temperature the RofR increases but
MAKES THE SAME AMOUNT OF PRODUCT
Increasing the temp increases the energy of the
particles, then they move faster
The frequency of collisions is more often so the RofR goes up
2. SURFACE AREA (to volume ratio)
Solids reacting with solutions/ gases
Particles can only react with the outside of
the solid
By chopping the solid up, there is more SA
to react with so it is quicker because more
collisions are being made at the same time
3. CONCENTRATION OF A SOLUTION/ PRESSURE OF GAS
Increasing concentration/ pressure, increases number of particles in a volume substance/
gas
More particles in a smaller volume, more
collisions happening
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