Exam (elaborations)
Davies SPI REVIEW with complete solution
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Davies SPI REVIEW with complete solution
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DaviesSPI
REVIEW
____
are
a
summation
of
side
lobes
generated
by
array
transducers.
-
✅✅
-Grating
lobes
____
improves
lateral
resolution
by
concentrating
the
sound
energy
into
a
narrower
beam.
-
✅✅
-Focusing
____
of
the
Doppler
spectrum
is
an
artifact
that
occurs
with
pulsed-wave
(PW)
Doppler
when
the
frequency
shift
is
greater
than
1/2
the
Doppler
PRF.
-
✅✅
-Aliasing
_____
and
____
give
rise
to
the
echoes
signals
that
are
displayed
on
the
monitor.
-
✅✅
--Reflection
-Scattering
_____
answers
the
question:
what
is
the
minimum
Distance
that
two
structures
positioned
side
by
side
can
be
apart
and
still
produce
two
distinct
echoes
on
an
ultrasound
image?
-
✅✅
-Lateral
resolution
_____
answers
the
question:
What
is
the
minimum
distance
that
two
structures,
positioned
front-to-back
(or
parallel
to
the
sound
beam),
can
be
apart
and
still
produce
two
distinct
echoes
on
an
ultrasound
image?
-
✅✅
-Axial
resolution
_____
colorized
the
amplitude
of
the
reflected
Doppler
signal.
This
brightness
of
the
colors
is
related
to
the
number
of
______.
-
✅✅
--Power
Doppler
-Red
blood
cells
_____
differences
drive
flow.
-
✅✅
-Pressure
_____
distances
prolong
the
time-of-flight
and
______
distances
shorten
the
time-of-flight.
-
✅✅
--Greater
-Smaller
_____
frequencies
are
best
to
use
for
scanning
a
large
patients
abdomen.
-
✅✅
-Lower _____
frequencies
improve
both
axial
and
lateral
resolutions.
-
✅✅
-Higher
_____
is
needed
to
provide
accurate
velocity
information.
-
✅✅
-Angle
correct
_____
is
the
most
common
form
of
fixed
focusing.
-
✅✅
-Internal
focusing
_____
maps
have
a
green
shade
that
is
used
to
indicate
turbulence.
-
✅✅
-Variance
_____
occurs
because
the
frequency-shifted
signal
is
not
adequately
sampled.
-
✅✅
-Aliasing
_____
of
the
sound
beam
occurs
whenever
there
is
both
oblique
incidence
and
a
difference
in
media
propagation
speeds.
-
✅✅
-Refraction
_____
reflection
occurs
when
a
light
wave
strikes
a
mirror.
-
✅✅
-Specular
_____
wavelength
sound
usually
produces
higher
quality
images
with
greater
detail.
-
✅✅
-Shorter
______
are
the
same
as
side
lobes,
but
occur
with
array
transducers.
-
✅✅
-Grating
lobes
______
begins
as
a
fatty
streak
within
the
intimal
layer
of
the
vessel
wall.
-
✅✅
-Atherosclerosis
disease
______
duration
pulses
are
desirable
for
imaging
because
they
create
images
of
greater
accuracy.
-
✅✅
-Shorter
______
focusing
is
achieved
dynamically
by
introducing
electrical
delays
in
the
signals
returning
from
the
transducer
elements
to
the
ultrasound
system
following
echo
reception.
The
delays
change
_______
during
reception
of
the
echoes
thereby
altering
the
___________
variably.
-
✅✅
--Receive
-Continuously
-Receive
focal
depth ______
frequency
transducers
produce
shorter
wavelength
sound,
which
in
turn
creates
images
of
superior
quality.
-
✅✅
-Higher
______
intensity
is
the
most
relevant
intensity
with
respect
to
tissue
heating.
-
✅✅
-SPTA
______
means
that
the
spatial
resolution
is
equal
in
all
dimensions
or
imaging
planes.
______
is
the
opposite
of
this.
-
✅✅
--Isotropic
resolution
-Anisotropic
resolution
______
pulses
are
desirable
because
they
create
more
accurate
images.
-
✅✅
-Shorter
______
reflections
occur
with
greater
impedance
differences.
-
✅✅
-Larger
______
steering
is
not
possible
with
annular
arrays.
-
✅✅
-Electronic
_______
active
elements
in
linear
phased
array
probe
are
fired
to
create
each
sound
beam.
-
✅✅
-All
of
the
__________
focusing
is
achieved
with
a
curved
pattern
phased
excitation
of
the
active
elements
and
the
outer
elements
in
the
group
of
PZT
crystals
are
fired
_______
than
the
inner
crystals.
-
✅✅
--Transmit
-Earlier
____-mode
is
the
only
mode
that
provides
information
about
a
reflectors
changing
location
with
respect
to
time.
-
✅✅
-M
10-3
equals:
A:
1000
B:
1/1000
C:
1/10,000
D:
100
E:
10
-
✅✅
-B:
1/1000
3
parameters
that
describe
the
magnitude
or
strength
of
a
wave.
-
✅✅
--Amplitude -Power
-Intensity
A
_____
is
created
when
the
sound
beam
bounces
off
of
one
or
more
reflectors
before
it
encounters
a
reflector
that
redirects
it
back
to
the
transducer.
-
✅✅
-Multipath
artifact
A
_____
reflection
will
occur
if
the
impedances
are
slightly
different.
-
✅✅
-Small
A
_____
reflection
will
occur
if
the
impedances
are
substantially
different.
-
✅✅
-Large
A
______
has
elements
arranged
in
a
linear
fashion
on
a
tightly
curved
radius.
-
✅✅
-Tightly
curved
array
A
______
may
be
seen
on
the
spectral
waveform
in
the
area
of
post
stenotic
turbulence.
It
appears
as
bright
echoes
near
the
zero
baseline
located
underneath
the
systolic
peak.
-
✅✅
-Bruit
A
______
of
ultrasound
is
a
collection
of
cycles
that
travel
together.
-
✅✅
-Pulse
A
_______
has
a
small
surface
area
with
a
flat
face.
-
✅✅
-Phased
array
transducer
A
_______
image
is
created
with
a
linear
sequential
array
transducer.
-
✅✅
-Rectangular
A
_______,
_______,
_______
image
is
created
during
color
doppler
exams
with
a
linear
array
transducer.
-
✅✅
--Rectangular
-Grayscale
-Anatomic
A
3D
sonographic
image
that
is
real-time
is
termed
_____.
The
fourth
dimension
is
_____.
-
✅✅
--4D
-Time
A
4-bit
system
is
capable
of
a
maxima
of
____
shades
of
gray.
-
✅✅
-16
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