AQA A-level Biology Topic 2- Full notes Cells and the Immune System PowerPoint- Full topic notes and overview including graphics and text on Cells and the Immune system (includes: Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells- structure, organelles and division; Cell Membranes- structure, components, permeabili...
Cell structure and division: Cell membranes:
Eukaryotic cells 2-14 The fluid mosaic model 44-51 Immune response 69- 80
• Animal, plant, algal and fungal cell structure • Membrane components 46-51 • Non-specific response-Phago
1-6 • Specific response 76-80
• Organelle structure and function 7-14 Transport across the membrane 52-64 • Cellular response 77
• Mitosis 15-22 • Diffusion 52-55 • Humeral response 78
• Mitosis required practical 23-26 • Osmosis 56-57 • Primary vs secondary re
• Active transport 58-62
Prokaryotic cells 27-29 • Cotransport 59-62 Immunity and vaccines 81-96
• Bacterial structure 27-28 • Exocytosis 63 • Immunity 81-82
• Binary fission 29 • endocytosis and pinocytosis 64 • Active vs Passive immun
• Herd immunity 82
Viral particles 30-36 • Vaccination 83
• Viral structure 30 • Antigenic variation 84
• Viral replication 31-36 Cells and the immune system: • Monoclonal antibodies 85-87
Immune system components 65-68 • ELISA tests 88-92
Cell analysis 37-43 • Antigens 65 • Direct ELISA 89-90
• Homogenisation and fractionation 37-38 • White blood cells 66 • Indirect ELISA 91-92
• Microscopy 39-43 • Antibodies 67-68 • HIV and AIDS 93-96
, 3.2. Cells
Cell structure and division:
Eukaryotic cells:
Eukaryotic cells are cells that store their genetic information within a double-membrane bound nucleus. They also have o
are membrane bound and have a DNA genome.
The organelles within eukaryotic cells vary depending on the type of organism they’re a part of, cells within multice
organisms can also vary to each other depending on a cells function, for example a typical human skin cell will cont
more organelles than a human red blood cell.
Some organelles are a universal feature of typical eukaryotic cells though, such as the nucleus, mitochondria and ri
which are found in all four animal, plant, fungal and algal cells.
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