Exam (elaborations)
_NR 601A+ Midterm Solutions
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- USMLE Step 1 Pharm
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- USMLE Step 1 Pharm
_NR 601A+ Midterm Solutions
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NR 601A+ Midterm SolutionsName 3 ways physiological changes from aging impact the body - ANS-1: reduces
physiological reserve of most body systems, particularly, cardiac, respiratory, & renal.
2: Reduces homeostatic mechanisms that fail to adjust regulatory systems such as
temp control and fluid & electrolyte balance.
3: Impaired immunological function- greater risk f
preferred amount of exercise for older adult - ANS-30 minutes per day for 5 days a
week of moderate exercise; if weight management is part of this, 60 minutes per day is
advised. day
FEVI - ANS-1st second Forced Expiratory volume
FVC - ANS-FVC ( Forced Vital Capacty ) 80 % -120 %
FEVI/FVC Ratio - ANS-The percent of maximum inspiration expired in the 1st second
PFT Gold criteria - ANS-Post bronchodilator:FEV1 80% or higher of predicted- GOLD 1
: Mild
FEV1 50 % - < 80 % of predicted- GOLD 2 : Moderate
FEV1 30% - < 50 % of predicted is GOLD 3 : Severe
FEV1 < 30 % of predicted is GOLD 4: Very Severe
How do you know if restriction/obstruction is reversible - ANS-If improvement of FEV1 is
more than 12% from pre-bronchodilator to post-bronchodilator then the restriction is
reversible
COPD Signs and symptoms: - ANS-Dyspnea, chronic cough with sputum production,
decreased activity tolerance, wheezing.
Risk factors for COPD- - ANS-smoking (risk increases with the number of pack years
smoked) Second hand smoke as well. Environmental pollution-endotoxins, coal dust,
and miner dust. Nonmodifiable risk factors are gender.
Common physical exam for COPD - ANS-as severity of the airway obstruction
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