POL314 EXAM 2024 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY PASSED
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Module
POL314
Institution
POL314
POL314 EXAM 2024 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY PASSED
Classical Democratic Theory
Direct democracy experiment started in Ancient Athens allowing direct democracy participation (only to free men of Athenian descent). Expectation that citizens were highly i...
POL314 EXAM 2024 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY PASSED
Classical Democratic Theory
Direct democracy experiment started in Ancient Athens allowing direct democracy
participation (only to free men of Athenian descent). Expectation that citizens were
highly interested and engaged and that they made decisions based on the common
interest. Consensus decision meetings that met less than 40 times a year.
Leading or argumentative questions causes what type of measurement issue?
Validity
Acquiescence
tendency to 'agree' with questions in an agree-disagree Likert format - Validity Issue
No-opinion/middle category causes what type of measurement issue?
Validity
Double barreled questions causes what type of measurement issue?
Validity and Reliability
People are rarely motivated to read over a question carefully, what form of
measurement issue is this?
Validity
Which term applies to the following definition: "a tendency to evaluate a certain
political object with some degree of favour or disfavour"
Attitude
Values
an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is
personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct or end-state of
existence
logical interrelationships between political beliefs into a coherent ideological
structure
,Constraint
Beliefs
Information about an attitude object that an individual assumes to be true
Emotions
Feelings towards an attitude object, often positive or negative in charge
Affect
Social-psychologists refer to these positivity or negativity
Similar questions may become inconsistent in their results, what form of
measurement issue is this?
Reliability
Responses to Classic Democratic Theory
Pluralism, Democratic Elitism, Representative democracy - something which can allow
for governance for larger city states.
Common thread deep scepticism about what the public can offer in terms of direct input.
Case For Enlightened Citizenry
· Allows people to understand their interests and recognize which policies that serve
their interests and the parties that support them.
· Politicians have little incentive to respond to the interests of an uninformed public.
Case Against Enlightened Citizenry
· Elite democrats are divided; one group agrees that knowledge is essential for
productive citizen participation;
· another argues that citizen fail miserably on this dimension so we shouldn't trust them.
· Another group argues that citizens use low information rationality to make sound
decisions.
Pluralism
views societal groups as key intermediaries between the public and elites
What makes a story 'newsworthy'?
event-based, original/new, dramatic and sensationalized, proximate and based on the
availability of political elites able to speak on the subject
Public Opinion Leaders
trusted party elites of the citizens party that are sent to us through the mass media
, Issue of racial mediation (Tolley)
News media subtly frames coverage of visible minority candidates: emphasizing their
race, birthplace, and the racial makeup of their community.
What are the main factors that drive differences in voter turnout at a
aggregate/time-varying level?
norms of voting, institutional trust, political interest, education, electoral
competitiveness, and polarization
Examples of Measurement Bias
· Faulty recall (Validity/Reliability)- one cannot fully capture the concept they might have
participated but can remember.
· Ability to google - measuring things outside the concept.
What are the main factors that drive differences in voter turnout at an
aggregate/context level (differences between countries)?
electoral system, voting rules
Law of Large Numbers cannot prevent this.
Sampling Bias
Participatory Democracy
Argues that institutions need to facilitate more participation.
· Response to institutions of representative democracy that may cause lack of interest
by giving little opportunity for meaningful participation.
· Ex: public meetings/town halls, citizen assemblies.
Sampling Bias
· This is anything than makes some people more or less likely to enter the sample.
· Random sampling tend to be a solution to sampling bias
Random Sampling Errors
Caused by random variations between samples.
One sample will be somewhat different from another sample and from the population.
The uncertainty caused by a random sampling error can be quantified through a margin
of error (a range of values where one could expect the true population value to fall 19
out of 20 times).
Law of Large Numbers
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