100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary ELEMENTS, MINERALS AND ROCKS £4.96
Add to cart

Summary

Summary ELEMENTS, MINERALS AND ROCKS

 11 views  0 purchase

The Earth is composed of rocks which have distinctive mineralogies and textures.

Preview 1 out of 3  pages

  • June 1, 2024
  • 3
  • 2023/2024
  • Summary
All documents for this subject (1)
avatar-seller
Mahima07
Topic F1: ELEMENTS, MINERALS AND ROCKS

Key Idea 1: The Earth is composed of rocks which have distinctive mineralogies and textures

Goldschmidt system

Siderophile - having so little affinity for oxygen and sulphur that in a molten mass the greatest concentration (as of
an element) would be found in the metallic phase (as in the iron of a blast furnace), siderophile itself means iron-
loving as iron is very dense thus the iron core

Chalcophile - having such an affinity for sulphur that in a molten mass the greatest concentration (as of an element)
is found in the sulphide phase.

Lithophile - Lithophile is a term used to refer to elements that are preferentially partitioned into silicate minerals as
opposed to sulphides or metals.

Atmophile - found in, attracted to, or tending to occur in the atmosphere —used especially for chemical elements or
compounds. It binds mostly to oxygen thus has a low density and is found in the atmosphere.


Silicate Minerals

The most common cation in the crust is Silicon (27%) and the most common anion in the crust is Oxygen (46%)

Therefore, most of the minerals that make up the rocks of Earth’s crust are silicate minerals. These include minerals
such as quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole (hornblende), pyroxene (augite), olivine, and a great variety of clay
minerals.


Silicon and oxygen bond together to create a silica tetrahedron,
which is a four-sided pyramid shape with O at each corner and Si
in the middle. This structure is the building block of the many
important silicate minerals.

The bonds in a silica tetrahedron have some of the properties of
covalent bonds and some of the properties of ionic bonds. As a
result of the ionic character, silicon becomes a cation (with a
charge of +4) and oxygen becomes an anion (with a charge of –2). The net charge of a silica tetrahedron (SiO4) is –4.

In silicate minerals, these tetrahedra are arranged and linked together in a variety of ways,
from single units to complex frameworks.

Each tetrahedron may be isolated from one another or they may be bonded together
covalently by sharing oxygen atoms between adjacent tetrahedra. In this way they may form
single chains , double chains , sheets and three-dimensional networks of interlocking
tetrahedra.

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Mahima07. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for £4.96. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

53068 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy revision notes and other study material for 14 years now

Start selling
£4.96
  • (0)
Add to cart
Added