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Summary AQA A level PE Paper 1 notes £5.49
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  7. Unit 1 PHED1 - Opportunities for and the effects of leading a healthy and active lifestyle (7582)

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Summary AQA A level PE Paper 1 notes

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AQA A level PE Paper 1 notes. From the 'My Revision Notes' revision guide and textbooks. Complete notes that are condensed but still make sense and provide excellent explanations.

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  • June 9, 2019
  • 40
  • 2018/2019
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PE PAPER 1
Anatomy and physiology
Cardiovascular system
Conduction system

 when we start exercising, there is movement is the muscles and joints, CO2
produced, blood pressure increases, and temperature
increases.
 mechanoreceptors: movement in muscles
 proprioceptors: movement in joints
 chemoreceptors: CO2
 baroreceptors: blood pressure
 thermoreceptors: temperature
 the receptors send information to the brain (medulla
oblongata)
 in the medulla is the cardiac control centre (CCC). CCC receives info and decides to
speed up/slow down HR.
 speeds up HR: sympathetic nervous system —> sympathetic nerve
 slows down HR: parasympathetic nervous system —> vagus nerve
 all that information then gets sent to the heart
 all info goes to SA node.
 the signal spreads over the atria, the atria contracts (atrial systole).
 AV node is delayed by 0.1secs so atria can fully contract.
 signal travels down septum via bundles of HIS, then spreads around ventricle via
purkinje fibres.
 ventricle contracts.

Adrenaline

 release of adrenaline during exercise is known as hormonal control.
 adrenaline = stress hormone that’s released by sympathetic nerves and cardiac
nerves during exercise.
 adrenaline stimulates SAN, so increase in heart rate, increases cardiac output.

Stroke volume

 stroke volume: volume of blood pumped from heart per ejection

SV depends on…
 venous return: volume of blood returning to heart via veins. if VR increases, SV
increases.
 elasticity of cardiac fibres: degree of stretch of cardiac tissue during diastole. more
stretch, greater force of contraction, increased ejection fraction.

 starlings’ law: increased VR —> greater diastole filling of heart —> cardiac muscle
stretched —> more contraction force —> increased ejection fraction
 ejection fraction = stroke volume / end diastolic volume

SV in response to exercise…

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