This document covers the full list of oral medicine diseases, with aetiology, management and treatment options with full description for each too. Where relevant pictures are also supplied in addition.
Disease Lecture Clinical Features Treatment/ Aetiology Extra
Management Information/Associa
tions
Tongue coating Orofaci -White patches on -Increase fluid Filiform -Not candida
al dorsum of tongue intake papillae related!!
fungal -Swollen tongue -Avoid smoking covered in
infecti -Increase roughage keratin builds
on of diet to allow up over time
dislodging. w/ food and
bacteria.
Pseudomembranous Orofaci -Detachable -Improve oral Essentially a -Found in
candidosis (Thrush) al creamy/white hygiene candida Immunocompro
(Acute form) fungal patches on oral -Smoking cessation infection mised, HIV,
infecti mucosa and palate -Investigate from one of cancer, extremes
on -Can be wiped off immunosuppression the reasons of ages.
-Erythematous and deficiencies that causes -Associated with
base -Live yogurt to their angular cheilitis
-Asymptomatic increase good overgrowth. or esophageal
-If present on the bacteria candidosis
tongue can have -Chlorhexidine m/w,
areas of atrophic Nystatin
tongue and thrush suspension,
on top. Miconazole gel
Erythematous Orofaci -+/- painful -Chlorhexidine m/w, Essentially a -Associated with
Candidosis al erythematous Nystatin candida chronic B.S
(Acute form) fungal patches suspension, infection antibiotics.
infecti commonly on Miconazole gel from one of
on dorsum of tongue -Same as above the reasons
and palate where exactly that causes
they match their
(kissing lesions) overgrowth
-Usually causes
depapillation +
reddening.
Chronic Hyperplastic Orofaci -Asymptomatic -Biopsy (To check Essentially a -Associated
candidosis al -Chronic risk of potential candida mainly with
(Chronic form) fungal hyperkeratosis in premalignancy) infection smokers and
infecti which candida is - Investigate from one of tobacco users
on present immunosuppression the reasons
- White and deficiencies that causes
erythematous -Smoking cessation their
raised speckled or -Topical AF usually overgrowth.
plaque like lesions ineffective so
on buccal mucosa systemic needed e.g
near commissures fluconazole for 2-
bilaterally which 4weeks.
don’t rub off. -Same as above
-Can cause
malignancy
Chronic Orofaci -Marked erythema -Address denture -Associated -Fit surface
Erythematous al of palatal mucosa hygiene with poor excludes saliva
Candidosis (Denture fungal under fit surface -Eliminate tissue denture and creates a dry
, Stomatitis) infecti of upper denture trauma using tissue hygiene and environment for
(Chronic form) on -Asymptomatic conditioners. poor fitting candida to grow.
-Miconazole gel dentures. Lower arch rarely
applied to fit involved.
surface
-Remove overnight
-If not working try
systemic
Angular Cheilitis Orofaci -Symmetrical -Correct -Found in -Occurs alongside
(Secondary form) al erythematous predisposing factors Immunocomp many of the
fungal fissuring of angles -Treat intra oral and romised, other candidal
infecti of the mouth corners of mouth haematinic diseases above.
on -Affects elderly candida using deficiencies, -Can be bacterial
mainly with topical agents, BS antibiotics, or fungal causing.
denture stomatitis miconazole gel. xerostomia, -Bacterial usually
-Painful usually pts with low caused by staph
vertical aureus.
dimensions
causing
pooling.
Median Rhomboid Orofaci -Asymptomatic -Chlorhexidine m/w,
Glossitis al Diamond shape Nystatin
(Secondary form) fungal smooth area suspension,
infecti anterior to vallate Miconazole gel.
on papillae Same as above
-Localised candida really.
infection with -May need
atrophy of filiform fluconazole.
papillae
Chronic Orofaci -Chronic/recurrent Systemic antifungal -Associated with
Mucotaneous al candida infection drug (e.g rare congenital
Candidosis fungal involving skin, fluconazole) diseases.
(Secondary form) infecti nails and mucous
on membrane.
Black (Brown) Hairy Pigemt -Traps overgrowth -Reassure and -Elongation of -Associated with
Tongue nery of black pigment inform filiform heavy smoking,
change producing bacteria -Improve Oral papillae on broad spectrum,
s of + Staining from hygiene tongue due to soft diet,
oral food -Increase water not shedding food/drinks.
cavity drinks/diet/smoki -Reduce smoking which is
ng -Increase trapping.
roughage/fibrous
diet
-Excessive tongue
brushing should be
avoided.
Pigemt -Grey, blue, black -Reassure and -May follow
Amalgam tattoo nery colour with no inform extraction of
(Focal Agyrosis) change elevation on lower -Margins blur over an amalgam
s of gingiva or alveolar time filled tooth,
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