Exam (elaborations)
MCB2010 Final Exam
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- NUR 240 EXAM 2 Practice Questions.
Exam of 10 pages for the course NUR 240 EXAM 2 Practice Questions. at NUR 240 EXAM 2 Practice Questions. (MCB2010 Final Exam)
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MCB2010 Final Exam1st Requirement for Pathogenesis - ANS-Any portal of entry (natural, artificial, or
mucous membrane)
2nd Requirement for pathogenesis - ANS-a PREFERRED portal of entry (if pathogen
enters the body through another portal, disease may not develop)
3rd Requirement for pathogenesis - ANS-Number of invading pathogens (likelihood of
disease increases as the number of pathogens increase)
Anabolism (build up) - ANS-uses energy to synthesize macromolecules that make up
cell (ATP -> ADP+P)
Antibiotic that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis - ANS-- Penicillin (Narrow-spectrum
and affect Gram-positive bacteria more than Gram-negative cells), - Cephalosporin
- bacitracin
- vancomycin
Antibiotics - ANS-antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agent, which:-
- Is a natural product of microorganisms
- Inhibits the growth of other microorganisms
- Specifically targets Bacteria
- Affects bacteria in very small amounts (or doses)
- Is selectively toxic: kills germs but is safe to the host
Antibiotics that disrupt bacteria plasma membrane - ANS-Polymyxin-B
Antibiotics that interfere with protein synthesis - ANS-- Streptomycin
- Tetracycline
- Erythromycin
- Chloramphenicol
Antiseptics - ANS-Harmful on microbes, relatively safer on host (harmful); prolonged
contact & high concentration harmful; for external use only (topical application)
Autoclave Method: Boiling - ANS-Temperature: 100°C
Pressure (PSI): 0
Time: over 20 hours
, Autoclave Method: Maximum - ANS-Temperature: 121°C
Pressure (PSI): 15
Time: over 15 minutes
Autoclave Method: Minimum - ANS-Temperature: 110°C
Pressure (PSI): 5
Time: over 2 hrs. 30 minutes
Autoclaving - ANS-Method of sterilization using steam under pressure
Bacillus species - ANS-produce a few antibiotics; rod-shaped, Gram positive,
endospore-forming Bacteria
Boiling - ANS-kills 100% of Vegetative life forms but NOT dormant life forms
(endospores are resistant)
Boiling Temperature - ANS-100°C/212°F
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) - ANS-caused by prions
Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics - ANS-affect BOTH Gram-positive AND Gram-negative
bacteria evenly
By understanding the conditions necessary for microbial growth, we can determine how
to: - ANS-1. Control the growth of microbes that cause disease or food spoilage
2. Encourage microbes that we wish to grow and study
Carl Weiger - ANS-added counterstain procedure to Gram stain to reveal bacteria in the
cells of infected tissue
Carriers - ANS-can transmit without any signs or symptoms
Catabolism (breakdown) - ANS-Releases energy by oxidation of molecules (ADP+P ->
ATP)
Cephalosparin - ANS-looks and works like penicillin, mostly against Gram-positive
bacteria. Its main advantage is that:
- It is not affected by the Penicillinase enzyme that destroys Penicillin.
- Compared to Penicillin, it has extended spectrum for Gram-negative bacteria
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