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MCB2010_ EXAM 1
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- NUR 240 EXAM 2 Practice Questions.
Exam of 16 pages for the course NUR 240 EXAM 2 Practice Questions. at NUR 240 EXAM 2 Practice Questions. (MCB2010_ EXAM 1)
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MCB2010: EXAM 10.2-2.0 - ANS-diameter of cocci, bacilli, vibrios, and spirilla
-all have the same size in diameter
10,000 to 100,000 - ANS-an electron microscope can magnify a specimen up to
_______ times
Acid fast stain - ANS-1) carbol fuchsion(primary stain)
2)acid-alcohol(decolarizer, 95% Ethyl Alcohol, 5% HCL)
3)Methylene Blue(secondary stain or counter stain)
what type of stain uses these steps?
Acid Fast stain - ANS-developed by paul Ehrlich
acid fast stain - ANS-developed by Paul Ehrlich
-it is used to stain acid fast bacteria such as mycobacteria and nocardia
Acid-fast - ANS-primary color cannot be removed by acid
-acid resistant
-Ex: Mycobacteria and Nocardia
-poorly gram positive
-pleomorpic(many shape)
acidic dyes - ANS-(anionic)
dyes have a negative charge on them
EX: Eosin, NIGROSIN, and picnic acid are commonly used for negative staining
Amphitrichous - ANS-one or more than one flagells
antibodies - ANS-opsonin(any substance that enhances pathogens. EX: attaches to
antigens telling the body what to kill
EX: death markers
Anton Van Leeuwenhook - ANS-first observed microscope life (living cells) which he
called "animalcules"
Archaebacteria - ANS-lacks peptidoglycan in their cell wall
,aseptic surgery - ANS-was introduced by an English surgeon Joseph Lister in 1860.
-reduces contamination
autotrophes - ANS-can convert inorganic compound to an organic compund
-photosynthesis
Autotrophic - ANS-if it has chromatophores
auxochrome - ANS-charged portion
Axial Filament - ANS-or endoflagellum, are bundles of microfibrils enclosed between the
cell membrane and the cell wall, only found on spirochetes
bacilli - ANS-(sing.bacillus) are cylindrical or rod-shaped
bacillus - ANS-single bacilli
EX: pseudomonas aeruginosa
bacillus, clostridium, sporosarcina - ANS-gram positive bacteria that can make
endospores
bacteria - ANS-all of these are negatively charged?
-none have cilia
bacteriology - ANS-study of bacteria
basic dyes - ANS-(cationic) dyes have a positive charge on them
EX: crystal violet, safranin, and methylene blue
-most commonly used to stain bacteria
BBB - ANS-Blood, brain, bladder
-these are sterile in your body
benzene, chromophore, auxochrome - ANS-a true stain has the following three
components
(chromogen)
blue - ANS-non-acid fast G- color after counterstain, methylene blue
blue - ANS-non-acid fast G+ color after counter stain, methylene blue
, bright field microscope - ANS-it forma a dark image against a bright background. it can
be used to observe live or preserved, stained or unstained specimens. EX: bacteria is
not living
-IT CANNOT BE USED TO OBSERVE INTRACELLULAR STRUCTURES SUCH AS
ENDOSPORES, DNA, RIBOSOMES, ETC OF LIVING CELLS
capsule - ANS-(glycocalyx)
1) it makes bacteria more virulent by preventing phagocytosis
2) it helps bacteria attach to host tissues
3) it can be used as a source of nutrition under adverse conditions
4) prevents bacteria from desiccarion
EX: streptococcus mutants, streptococci pyogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae
capsule - ANS-(or glycocalyx) it is a mucoid substance that lies external to the bacterial
cell wall. made of polysaccharides, proteins, or both (glycoprotein)
capsule - ANS-if it has glycoprotein than it has this
-it is a potential pathogen
capsule - ANS-if it has protein it has what?
capsule - ANS-is made in good favorable conditions
-only metabolically bacteria has this
-this is why bacteria cannot have both endospores and capsule
capsule - ANS-non-ionic, always colorless
capsule - ANS-streptococcus has what
Cell envelope - ANS-1) the glycocalyx or the capsule
2) the cell wall
3) the cell or plasma membrane that surround the protoplasm/ cytoplasm of the cell
cell membrane - ANS-bacteria has no mitochondria so they make their energy in?
1) regulates the transportation of substances like nutrients and enzymes (what comes in
and comes out)
2) stores enzymes
3) site for ATP synthesis for bacteria
4) site for photosynthesis (only in photoautotrophic microb)
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