NUR 2400 EXAM FINAL
1983 Prospective Payment System - ANS-goal is to control rising healthcare costs
diagnosed related groups (DRGS)-predetermined amount of money allocated for
medical diagnosis or specific procedures
2 brain systems controlling the sleep/wake cycle - ANS-(RAS) reticular activating
system-bundle of nerves maintaining alertness
Bulbar synchronizing region-release serotonin and produces sleep
5 stages of grief - ANS-DABDA
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance
A transformational leader focuses on.. - ANS-1. change/innovation through team
development
2. motivates/empowers staff to function at high levels of performance
3. serves as a role model for other nurses
ability to learn - ANS--Developmental Capability
-Cognitive Development
-Prior Knowledge
-Learning in Children
-Developmental Stage
acupuncture - ANS-Chinese medical practice of inserting needles into certain areas of
the body, realigns our chi and follows channels known as meridians
clinical application=chronic pain, tx migraine headache
limitations=infection, bleeding disorders, pregnancy bc may induce labor
Administrative/regulatory Law - ANS-state board of nursing-enforces nurse practice act,
monitors actions of nurses
age related differences in sleep cycle - ANS-neonates-16hrs a day
infants-8 to 10hrs a night, 15hrs per day
,toddlers and preschoolers-12hrs per day
school age-9 to 12 hrs
adolescents-8 to 10hrs
adults-7 to 9 hrs
older adults-total number declines, many sleep problems occur
aging challenges - ANS-multimorbidity, fraility, disability
airway maintenance - ANS-coughing-inhale/exhale 3x thru nose, deep breath + hold
3sec, cough 3x
deep breathing-inhale thru nose, hold 3-5ec, exhale thru pursed lips
ambulation and frequent repositioning-upright
incentive spirometry-provides feedback and encourages slow, deep breathing
chest physiotherapy-move pulmonary secretions, postural drainage position, vibration
suctioning-oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal, orotracheal/nasotracheal, tracheal
airway restriction - ANS-increase in pressure that occurs as diameter of the airways
decreases from mouth/nose to alveoli
allopathic care - ANS-conventional western medicine/treatment, treats pathologies and
symptoms, medical practice aimed to combat disease, focuses on illness and
counteracting symptoms
alterations in respiratory functioning - ANS-Hyperventilation-more ventilation than is
needed to eliminate co2 produced by cellular metabolism
Hypoventilation-inadequate ventilation to meet body o2 needs or to eliminate co2
Hypoxia-inadequate tissue oxygenation
Cyanosis-blue discoloration
alternative care - ANS-non-mainstream therapy, replaces conventional medicine
ANA Code of Ethics - ANS-The nurse, in all professional relationships, practices with
compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every
individual, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal
attributes, or the nature of health problems.
artificial airways - ANS-Oral airway
Prevents obstruction of the trachea by displacement of the tongue into the oropharynx
Endotracheal and tracheal airways
, Short-term use to ventilate, relieve upper airway obstruction, protect against aspiration,
clear secretions
Tracheostomy
Long-term assistance, surgical incision made into trachea
Assessment - ANS-be present, use active listening, silence, therapeutic touch, open
and honest communication, trusting relationship, ask open ended questions
assessment for sensory alterations - ANS-through the patients eyes, sensory alteration
hx, physical exam, health promotion habits, communication methods, assistive devices,
persons at risk, mental status, ability to perform self care, environmental hazards, social
support
assessment of oxygenation - ANS-in depth hx of patient's normal and present
cardiopulmonary function, past impairments in circulatory or respiratory functioning,
methods that patients use to optimize oxygenation, review of drug/food/allergies,
physical exam, lab/daignostic tests
atelectasis - ANS-a collapse of the alveoli that prevents normal exchange of o2 and co2
bioethics - ANS-ethics dealing with patients and healthcare
biofeedback - ANS-A mind-body technique that uses instruments to teach
self-regulation and voluntary self-control over specific physiological responses
instruments measure, process and provide information about neuromuscular and
autonomic nervous system activity
clinical application=smoking cessation, reduce pain
limitations=requires active participation, follow directions
biological theories of aging - ANS-stochastic-random wear and tear overtime
nonstochastic-genetically predetermined aging by programmed cell changes
blood flow regulation - ANS-cardiac output=heart rate x stroke volume
cardiac output-amount of blood ejected from the L ventricle each minute
stroke volume-preload, amount of blood ejected from the L ventricle with each
contraction
heart rate-afterload, resistance to L ventricle ejection