GIA COLORED STONE ESSENTIALS
ADULARESCENCE - ANS-The cloudy bluish white light in a moonstone, caused by
scattering of light.
AMORPHOUS - ANS-Lacking a regular crystal structure.
AVENTURESCENCE - ANS-A glittery effect caused by light reflecting from small, flat
inclusions within a gemstone.
BLEACHING - ANS-A treatment that uses chemicals to lighten or remove color.
BLEMISH - ANS-Characteristic or irregularity confined to the surface of a polished
gemstone.
BODYCOLOR - ANS-A gemstone's basic color, determined by its selective absorption
of light.
BRILLIANT CUT - ANS-Cutting style with triangular or kite-shaped facets that radiate
from the center toward the girdle.
CABOCHONS - ANS-A smoothly rounded polished gem with a domed top and a flat or
curved base.
CALIBRATED SIZES - ANS-Gemstone sizes cut to fit standard mountings.
CAMEO - ANS-A gem carving style in which the design, often a woman's profile,
projects slightly from a flat or curved surface.
CAVITY FILLING - ANS-Treatment that fills and seals voids to improve appearance and
add weight.
CHATOYANCY - ANS-Bands of light in certain gems, caused by reflection of light from
many parallel needle-like inclusions or hollow tubes.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS - ANS-Kinds and relative quantities of atoms that make
up a material.
CHEMICAL FORMULA - ANS-Written description of a material's chemical makeup.
, CLARITY - ANS-A gemstone's relative freedom from inclusions and blemishes.
CLARITY CHARACTERISTICS - ANS-Internal or external feature of a gemstone that
helps determine its quality.
CLEAVAGE - ANS-A smooth, flat break in a gemstone parallel to planes of atomic
weakness.
COLOR CENTER - ANS-A small defect in the atomic structure of a material that can
absorb light and give rise to a color.
COLOR CHANGE - ANS-A distinct change in gem color under different types of lighting.
COLOR RANGE - ANS-The selection of colors in which a gemstone occurs.
COLOR ZONING - ANS-Areas of different color in a gem, caused by variations in
growth conditions.
COLORED STONE - ANS-Any gem material other than diamond.
COLORLESS IMPREGNATION - ANS-Filling of pores or other openings with melted
wax, resin, polymer, or plastic to improve appearance and stability.
COMMERCIAL MARKET - ANS-Market sector where average-quality gemstones are
used in mass-market jewelry.
CONCHOIDAL - ANS-A curved and ridged fracture in a gemstone, extending from the
surface inward.
CRAZING - ANS-The network of tiny fractures that develops when an opal loses
moisture.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE - ANS-Regular, repeating internal arrangement of atoms in a
material.
CUTTING CENTERS - ANS-A city, region, or country with a large number of gemstone
manufacturers.
DEALER - ANS-A wholesaler.
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