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- Nursing 220 Final Exam Review
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301 BIOLOGY - THE CHEMICALFOUNDATION OF LIFE
Acids - ANS-Contain high concentrations of H+ ions in solution
Adhesion - ANS-An attraction between molecules of different substances
Alcohol group - ANS-hydroxyl group
•carbon atom bound to oxygen and hydrogen
Amine + amide contain... - ANS-Nitrogen
Any molecule with carbon structure is called... - ANS-Organic molecule
Are isotopes stable or unstable? - ANS-Some are stable but the majority are unstable
•they decay/split apart into smaller atoms and/or subatomic particles
Atomic mass - ANS-The average mass of all the isotopes of an element
Atomic number - ANS-the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Upper left corner
Bases - ANS-Contain low concentrations of H+ ions in solution
Behavior of molecules with respect to their polarity/nonpolarity? - ANS-Likes will interact
•non polar will interact with nonpolar
•polar will interact with polar
benzene ring (phenyl) (how to interpret) - ANS-Although not labeled, it is solely made up
of carbon and hydrogen
•Each point represents a carbon atom
•each line represents a covalent bond
•parallel lines are double bonds
•every bonding position necessary to make carbon full is taken up by a hydrogen
Cells - ANS-Individual livimg units of any organism
, chemical bonds occur when... - ANS-Two atom, interacting through their valence
electrons, from an association that is energetically more stable than it is for the atoms to
be apart
Chemicals role in body - ANS-Break down cells even further and they are highest
organized assembles of non-living molecules
Cohesion - ANS-Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Could researchers find the exact position of an atoms? Why? - ANS-No, Due to the
complexities of the speed of light
Covalent bonds occur when... - ANS-Atoms fill their valence shells by sharing one or
more pairs of electrons
Does table sugar dissolve in water Im the same manner as table salt? - ANS-Sugar is
sucrose and this molecule has a covalent bond (C12H22O11)
•water is not strong enough to completely break down all the bonds, therefore sucrose
molecules still remain in water
Does water have a high or low specific heat? - ANS-high specific heat, due to the great
cohesion between water molecules there needs to be a lot of energy to drive them apart
Electron configuration of atoms - ANS-The number of electrons in each of an atoms
electron shells
Electronegativity - ANS-The attraction of an atoms nucleus for the shared electrons in a
covalent bond
(Larger atoms are more electronegative than smaller ones)
Functional groups - ANS-chemical groups attached to carbon skeletons that give
compounds their functionality
•these are the patterns of organic molecules
How and why is water formed? - ANS-Oxygen has 6 electrons
Hydrogen has 1 electron
•in order to gain a full valence shell, the oxygen atoms will share an electron with two
hydrogen atoms
•now each atom has a full valence shell and is more stable than before
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