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NLAT2020-UG-BATCH2-QuestionPaper
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NLAT 2020 – UGBATCH 2 QUESTION PAPER
PASSAGE 5: ............................................................................................................................... 1
PASSAGE 6 ................................................................................................................................ 6
PASSAGE 7 .............................................................................................................................. 11
PASSAGE 8 .............................................................................................................................. 16
PASSAGE 5:
Each set of questions in this section is based on a single passage. Please answer each question relying
on what is stated or implied in the corresponding passage. If more than one option provides a partial
answer to the question, choose the option that most accurately and comprehensively answers the
question.
Over the last few months, there has been much discussion of leadership during the pandemic. One
pattern that emerged early on was that women leaders were seen to have handled the crisis
remarkably well.
We analysed how leaders around the world reacted to the early days of the pandemic to see
whether differences in performance can be explained by differences in policy measures adopted by
male and female leaders.
There are far fewer female-led countries in the world when compared to male-led. Just 10% in our
sample of 194 countries have women as national leaders. Given the small number of female-led
countries, the most appropriate way to consider their performance is to match them with “similar”
male-led countries.
Hong Kong, which is led by a woman, recorded 1,056 cases and four deaths while Singapore, which
has a similar economy and comparable demographic characteristics but is led by a man, recorded
28,794 cases and 22 deaths in the same period. Similarly, Norway, led by a woman, had 8,257 cases
and 233 deaths, while Ireland, led by a man, recorded 24,200 cases and 1,547 deaths. Taiwan, led by
a woman, recorded 440 cases and seven deaths while South Korea, led by a man, had 11,078 cases
and 263 deaths.
Countries led by women have performed better, especially in terms of deaths and this is true
whether we consider the nearest comparable nation, the nearest two, three or even five. Belgium is
an outlier, having appeared to perform badly on cases and deaths while led by a woman. But despite
its inclusion, the overall results regarding female-led countries stand.
,Analysing what might cause this differential performance, we find that the female-led countries
locked down significantly earlier than the male-led countries. On average, they had 22 deaths fewer
at lockdown when compared to their male counterparts.
We considered whether these results might imply that women leaders are more risk-averse.
Indeed, in the current crisis, several incidents of risky behaviour by male leaders have been
reported. Brazil’s Jair Bolsonaro dismissed Covid-19 as “a little flu or a bit of a cold” and UK prime
minister Boris Johnson said he “shook hands with everybody” on a hospital visit. Both men
subsequently contracted the virus.
However, this is a simplistic explanation. Locking down early posed a significant risk to their
economies, but women leaders did it regardless.
Another explanation of gender differences in response to the pandemic is to be found in the
leadership styles of men and women. Studies suggest that men are likely to lead in a “task-oriented”
style and women in an “interpersonally-oriented” manner.
This has been in evidence during this crisis in the decisive and clear communication styles adopted
by several women leaders, whether it be Norway’s prime minister Erna Solberg speaking directly to
children or Ardern checking in with her citizens through Facebook lives.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from "Women leaders handled coronavirus better than their
male counterparts – and the data shows that", by Supriya Garikipati and Uma S Kambhampati,
Scroll.in, available at: https://scroll.in/article/971955/women-leaders-handled-coronavirus-better-
than-their-male-counterparts-and-the-data-shows-that]
1. Which among the following is the name of an Indian author’s trilogy of books set around the
time of the ‘Opium Wars’ that resulted in China having to make several commercial and legal
concessions in Hong Kong to the British?
(a) Indian trilogy
(b) Ibis trilogy
(c) Stranger trilogy
(d) GameWorld trilogy
(Answer: (b))
2. If the “death rate” is the percentage of deaths per total number of cases and assuming that
the average death rate for all women-led countries is the same as the average of the three
women-led countries for which case and death numbers are provided in the passage above,
then what is the difference between the average death rate for all women-led countries and
the death rate for South Korea?
, (a) Less than 2%.
(b) Between 2% and 3%.
(c) No difference.
(d) Data insufficient.
(Answer: (a))
3. Assume Article 352 of the Constitution provides that “[i]f the President is satisfied that a
grave emergency exists whereby the security of India or of any part of the territory thereof
is threatened, whether by war or external aggression or armed rebellion, he may, by
Proclamation, make a declaration to that effect in respect of the whole of India or of such
part of the territory thereof as may be specified in the Proclamation”. The President of India
decides to declare under Article 352 that a ‘grave emergency’ exists in India when the
COVID-19 pandemic breaks out. Can the President do so under Article 352?
(a) Yes, since the pandemic poses a threat to the security of India.
(b) Yes, since the pandemic is an unprecedented situation and the President should be able to
do what they think is right to protect the country.
(c) No, since the pandemic does not fall within the reasons for which an emergency can be
declared under Article 352.
(d) No, since the pandemic is not a serious and permanent situation.
(Answer: (c))
4. Which among the following can be inferred from the authors’ statements in the passage
above?
(a) Women leaders tend to get a larger percentage of the public vote when they win elections.
(b) Women leaders seem risk-averse when it comes to human life but more risk-taking when it
comes to the economy.
(c) Both, (a) and (b).
(d) Neither (a) nor (b).
(Answer: (b))
5. Who among the following became the first ‘chairman’ of the bank earlier called ‘Imperial
Bank of India’?
(a) Chanda Kochhar
(b) Shikha Sharma
(c) Naina Lal Kidwai
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