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NLAT2020-UG-BATCH1-QuestionPaper
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- Modular_Arithmetic_in_the_AMC_and_AIME.
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NLAT 2020 – UGBATCH 1 QUESTION PAPER
PASSAGE 1: ............................................................................................................................... 1
PASSAGE 2 ................................................................................................................................ 6
PASSAGE 3 .............................................................................................................................. 11
PASSAGE 4 .............................................................................................................................. 16
PASSAGE 1:
Each set of questions in this section is based on a single passage. Please answer each question relying
on what is stated or implied in the corresponding passage. If more than one option provides a partial
answer to the question, choose the option that most accurately and comprehensively answers the
question.
Risk is a central fact of life for the poor, who often run small businesses or farms or work as casual
laborers, with no assurance of regular employment. In such lives a bad break can have disastrous
consequences.
In summer 2008, Ibu Tina lived with her disabled mother, her two brothers, and her four children
ages three to nineteen in a tiny house in Cica Das, the vast urban slum in Bandung, Indonesia. The
three younger children were at least nominally in school, but the oldest had dropped out. [1] Her
two unmarried brothers, a daily wage-earning construction workers and a taxi driver, kept the family
from entirely going under, but there never seemed to be enough money for school fees, food,
clothes for her children, and care for her aging mother. [1]
Yet this had not always been Ibu Tina’s life. When she was young, she worked in a garment factory.
After she got married, she joined her husband’s garment business. They had four employees, and
the business was doing well. Their problems started when a business acquaintance they trusted gave
them a bad cheque worth 20 million Rupiah (or 3750 USD). They went to the police and reported the
crime. Policemen demanded 2.5 million Rupiah in bribes even to start investigating; after they were
paid, they did manage to arrest the defaulter. He ended up spending a week in prison before he was
released, after promising to repay what he owed. After reimbursing 4 million Rupiah to Ibu Tina (of
which the police claimed another 2 million Rupiah) and promising to repay the rest over time, he
disappeared and has not been heard from since. Ibu Tina and her husband had paid 4.5 million
Rupiah in bribes to recoup 4 million Rupiah.
For the next three or four years, they tried very hard to bounce back and eventually managed to get
a loan of 15 million Rupiah from PUKK, a government lending program. They used the loan to start a
garment-trading business. One of their first large orders was for shorts. They purchased the shorts
,from the garment makers and had them ironed and packaged for sale, but then the retailers backed
off, leaving them with thousands of shorts that no one wanted.
The sequence of disasters put enormous stress on their marriage, and shortly after the second
mishap, they got divorced. Ibu Tina moved in with her mother, bringing with her the four children
and the stacks of shorts. When we met her she was still trying to recover from that trauma and said
that she did not really have the energy to start again. She thought that when she felt better, she
would open a small grocery shop in a part of her mother’s house, and maybe sell some of the shorts
for Idur Fitri, the Muslim holiday.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from Poor Economics: Rethinking Poverty and the Ways to End
It, by Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo, Penguin, 2013.]
1. The sentence enclosed within ‘[1]’ in the passage above may have a grammatical error.
Which of the following would remove the error, if any?
(a) Replace ‘entirely’ with ‘completely’.
(b) Replace ‘care’ with ‘caring’.
(c) Replace ‘workers’ with ‘worker’.
(d) No change required.
(Answer: (c))
2. Suppose the laws of Indonesia state that every person has a right to report a crime to the
police, and if the police refuses to accept a report of a crime from any person, they have
violated that person’s rights. In the situation described above, relating to the bad cheque
that Ibu Tina and her husband got, did the policemen violate Ibu Tina’s and her husband’s
rights under this law?
(a) Yes, since they demanded a bribe to even start investigating the crime.
(b) No, since the report of the crime was recorded by the police.
(c) Yes, since they took a cut from the amount that was recovered from the debtor.
(d) The police had violated Ibu Tina’s husband’s rights, but not hers, since he owned the
garment business.
(Answer: (b))
3. Assume the policemen would have asked Ibu Tina for a bribe to start investigating any crime
she reported, and that the amount of the bribe would be the same percentage of the value
of the crime as the bribe was to the value of the bad cheque in the passage above. They
then split the bribe amongst them by the three ranks in the police station, such that the
highest-ranked officer got three times the amount as the next-highest-ranked officer, and
, four times the amount that the lowest-ranked officer (there are only three officers in the
station, one in each rank). What would be the share of bribe, in Rupiah, that the lowest-
ranked officer would get in relation to a crime of a value of 8,350 USD?
(a) More than 1 million Rupiah
(b) More than 0.5 million but less than 0.7 million Rupiah
(c) Less than .5 million Rupiah
(d) More than 0.7 million but less than 1.00 million Rupiah
(Answer: (d))
4. Which of the following best describes the main point that the authors make in the passage
above?
(a) That poor people live in very risky circumstances and can suffer greatly if they encounter a
misfortune.
(b) That the police in Indonesia are very corrupt.
(c) That the garments industry is a very risky business.
(d) That poor people should not try to run their own business.
(Answer: (a))
5. Suppose that after their divorce, Ibu Tina’s husband had little to no contact with his ex-wife
and children and spoke to them only once a year. He also started a profitable electronics
business. The laws of Indonesia provide that “any parent whose child drops out of school
would be punished with a fine of 10 million Rupiah, unless the parent is able to show that
this was because of exigent circumstances”. One day, the police arrive at Ibu Tina’s
husband’s house, and arrest him for violating this law. Has he violated this law?
(a) No, since Ibu Tina had taken the children and he had only become a successful businessman
after his divorce.
(b) No, the financial hardships he went through were exigent circumstances.
(c) Yes, since his eldest child had dropped out of school.
(d) No, since his oldest child was nineteen, and therefore an adult.
(Answer: (c))
6. Which among the following is not among the key findings of an Index that seeks to identify
deprivation across health, education, and standard of living, shows the proportion of people
who are poor and also sheds light on the average number of deprivations that each such
person suffers simultaneously, and which was released by the Oxford Poverty and Human
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