TEFL Online Training Unit 4
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER-the smallest unit of speech sound that can be used
to distinguish one utterance from another in a given language. Can consist of vowels.
when we pronounce words in English, many other vowel sounds exist. These may be
more muffled, as with the [æ] sound in the word "lack," in contrast with the [eɪ] sound in
the word "lake." In fact, there is a greater number of muffled vowel sounds than the five
or six vowel sounds we get directly from representative letters in the English alphabet.
Diphthong vowel phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER-Some vowel phonemes are
referred to as diphthongs. A diphthong is a more complex vowel sound, which is made
by transitioning from the position for one vowel to the position for another vowel. Each
diphthong is treated as a single phoneme in the phonetic alphabet. The word "me" is
pronounced /mi:/, without any diphthong in the phoneme, while the word "mere" has a
diphthong. In the phonetic alphabet, the vowel phoneme in "mere" is shown as [ɪə]. That
represents, at the start of the vowel sound, a hybrid of the [i:], [i], and [ɪ] sounds (as in
"we", "housekeeping," and "history" respectively), transitioning into the [ə] sound (as in
"miser"). In that way, the words "beer," /bɪə/, "sear," /sɪə/, and "weird," /wɪə/ have a
diphthong.
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