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Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA.
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Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA.
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Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTApituitary gland - ANS-The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under the influence
of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MASTER GLAND and regulates growth and
controls other endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and ADH important in this unit.
ACTH - ANS-Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of adrenal gland to
secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol.
ADH - ANS-antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on Kidney and smooth
muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstriction and reabsorption of H2O
TSH - ANS-thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland. Stimulates T3,
T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine.
Diabetes Insipidus - ANS-Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which causes little to no
reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased thirst, high B osmolarity which
results in general signs of dehydration.
diabetes insipidus etiology - ANS-Two possible
1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH
2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions (maybe tumor or edema)
SIADH - ANS-syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic hormone. That causes
excess retention of water resulting in BP increase (increased stroke volume),
generalized edema.
SIADH etiology - ANS-1. Drugs--> especially anesthetics
2. Trauma; brain tumor etc...
3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone
T3 and T4 function - ANS-metabolism
Calcitonin function - ANS-Lowers blood calcium levels by triggering uptake in bones.
Hyperthyroidism - ANS-excessive activity of the thyroid gland that can be due to cancer
autoimmune dz or overactive pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism autoimmune - ANS-Grave's dz
, Hyperthyroidism labs - ANS-T3, T4 and and TSH
S/S of hyperthyroidism - ANS-Same as hypermetabolism... agitated, exopthalmus,
nervous, diarrhea, hot, ^HR, ^BP, thin, hyperactive etc.goiter
thyrotoxic crisis - ANS-aka Thyroid storm- toxic condition characterized by
hyperthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid metabolism.
Tx Hyperthyroid: - ANS-Thyroidectomy, meds-radioactive iodine or thioamide (inhibits
incorp of I into hormones)
Hypothyroidism etiology - ANS-low levels of thyroid hormone due to hypoactive thyroid
gland from congenital defect, removal or destruction of arts of the gland autoimmune,
endemic iodine deficiency.
Hypothyroidism autoimmune - ANS-Hashimotos
Hypothyroidism S/S - ANS-Same as hypometabolism ie,
tired,
sluggish
Cold intolerant
obese
decreased hr, p, rr
Hypothroidism labs - ANS-low T3/T4
High TSH
Myxedema coma - ANS-extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation), rare with a
high mortality rate = decreased cardiac output leads to decreased tissue perfusion
which leads to brain and organ depletion leading to multi-organ failure
Tx hypothyroidism - ANS-administration of thyroid hormones- levothyroxine or
synthroid. DOSED IM MICROGRAMS Screening at birth is mandatory. Early detection
is critical to prevent mental retardation.
What hormones regulate calcium? - ANS-parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
Osteoclasts are - ANS-cells that break down bone matrix
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