Exam (elaborations)
FUNDS KEY POINTS
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- EMSIC - Michigan Study Guide
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- EMSIC - Michigan Study Guide
Exam of 17 pages for the course EMSIC - Michigan Study Guide at EMSIC - Michigan Study Guide (FUNDS KEY POINTS)
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FUNDS KEY POINTSWhat is a NG tube?
nasogastric tube
-can be discomforting, used for short term
What is a nasogastric tube?
tube inserted through the nose into the stomach; pliable hollow tube inserted
through patient's nasopharynx into the stomach
-nose to earlobe to mid-umbillicus
What is the purpose of NG tubes?
it is a form of enteral tube feeding for patients who are unable to ingest food but
still maintain the ability to digest and absorb nutrients
Can you reinsert the stylet of the NG tube?
NO!
What type of patients could not receive NG tubes?
patients who develop. gastric ileus
-intolerance of oral intake due to inhibition of the gastrointestinal propulsion
without signs of mechanical obstruction
What is the order for NG tube feeding?
1. Position patient into high fowler's position (at least 30-45 degrees)
2. Verify tube placement (check every 4-6 hours to prevent aspiration)
-when in doubt use a chest x ray to check placement
3. Check gastric residual volume (<90mL = feed, >90mL = hold feeding)
4. Put secretion back into the body
,5. Flush tubing to maintain tube patency
6. Feed patient
What are signs of aspiration?
-increased heart rate
-coughing
-reaching for neck
What is COPD?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-patient cannot breathe due to trapping of air
How will patient present with COPD?
-pursed lip breathing
-clubbing of nails (not enough O2 or circulation)
-barrel chest
-use of accessory muscles to breathe
-elevated CO2 levels
-typically smoke cigarettes
What is hypoxia?
inadequate tissue oxygenation at the cellular level
What does hypoxia result from?
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
Is hypoxia life threatening?
YES!
, What can happen if hypoxia goes untreated?
fatal cardiac dysrhythmias
-abnormal rhythm
What is hypoxia a common sign of?
left heart failure
What are causes of hypoxia?
1. Decreased hemoglobin level and lowered oxygen-carrying capacity of the
blood
2. A diminished concentration of inspired oxygen, which occurs at high altitudes
3. The inability of the tissues to extract oxygen from blood, as with cyanide
poisoning
4. Decreased diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to the blood, as in pneumonia or
pulmonary edema
5.Poor tissue perfusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood, as in pneumonia
or
pulmonary edema
6. Impaired ventilation, as with multiple rib fractures or chest trauma
How will a patient with hypoxia present?
-apprehension
-restlessness
-inability to concentrate
-decreased level of consciousness
-dizziness
-behavioral changes
-unable to lie flat
-fatigue
-agitated
-increased pulse rate
-depth of respiration
-cyanosis
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