Exam (elaborations)
CBIC_ Surveillance and Epidemiologic Investigation (Part 1
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- TEAS Practice.
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- TEAS Practice.
CBIC_ Surveillance and Epidemiologic Investigation (Part 1
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CBIC: Surveillance and EpidemiologicInvestigation (Part 1)
Advantage of nonparametric data [3] - ANS---No assumption of varience in populations
--Data does not belong to a particular distinction
--Includes: descriptive and inferental data
Attack Rate Formula - ANS-(x/y)*k
Exactly the same as the incidence rate, but k=100.
Attributal Risk - ANS-Difference in rate of condition between an exposed population and
an unexposed population
Attributal Risk Percent - ANS---Derived from relative risk ration
(Relative Risk - 1)/(Relative Risk)
Calculating # of predicted device associated HAIs? - ANS-Ex: calculating # predicted
CAUTIs
#predicted CAUTIS=#urinary catheter days x (NHSN mean/1,000)
This is the denominator for your SIR.
Case-Control Study [3] - ANS---quick, less expensive, easier
--retrospective
--compares identified cases of outcome of interest with group of control subjects without
outcome of interest
Ex: a study that compares patients with bacteremia with patients without bacteremia.
Records are reviewed to determine various factors.
Causes of casual associations - ANS-when evidence indicates 1 factor is shown to
increase probability of the occurrance of disease
Causes of indirect (noncausal) associations - ANS-mixing of effects between exposure,
disease, and confounding variable that may be associated with exposure and
independently affect outcomes
Cohort Studies [3] - ANS---Good for casual association, but time-consuming
, --assesses individuals with and without exposure to a potential risk factor
--incidence of outcome is determined with follow-up visits
Ex: a study that follows hospitalized patients with and without exposure to invasive
devices to determine association of invasive device exposure and HAIs.
Common cause variation - ANS-Typical variance (ex: similar hand hygiene rates per
month, not the same completely, but relatively stable)
Convalescent Phase - ANS-Those who recovered from disease but can still transmit it.
Cross-sectional study [3] - ANS---prevalence rate only determined.
--snapshot of a specific point in time or for a specific period of time
--measures previously and newly identified cases of disease
Ex: study examines relationship between foley catheter and UTIs by assessing # of
patients currently in hospital with UTIs and determine if there are more patients with
catheters than without.
Data limits for an SPC control chart? - ANS-25-50 data points
Define "lapse" - ANS-Internal failure from failures of memory and memory storage
Define "slip" - ANS-External failure in a plan due to reduced intentionality
Epidemic curve - ANS-Graph in which the cases of a disease that occurred during an
outbreak are plotted according to the time and onset of illness
Hill's Criteria: Analogy - ANS-Similar associations show casuality
Hill's Criteria: Biological Gradient - ANS-Increased exposure to factor increases
likelihood of disease
Hill's Criteria: Biological plausible - ANS-self explanatory. BUT lack of biological
plausability does not necessarily disprove theoretical association
Hill's Criteria: Coherence - ANS-Association should be in accordance with other facts
Hill's Criteria: Consistency - ANS-Association should be observed in numerous studies
Hill's Criteria: Experiment - ANS-Meaning association should be derived from
experiments
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