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Module 9, 10, 11, 12 Review - AP Psychology
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- AP Psych Journal Module 4
- Institution
- AP Psych Journal Module 4
Module 9, 10, 11, 12 Review - AP Psychology
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Module 9, 10, 11, 12 Review - APPsychology
neuron - ANS-a nerve cell; the basic building block of the nervous system
cell body - ANS-the part of a neuron that contains the nucleus; the cell's life support
center
dendrites - ANS-a neuron's often bushy, branching extensions that receive and integrate
messages, conducting impulses toward the cell body
axon - ANS-the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other
neurons or to muscles or glands
myelin sheath - ANS-a fatty tissue layer encasing the axons of some neurons; speeds
up messages and carries them along effectively and efficient
glial cells - ANS-cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons;
they also play a role in learning, thinking, and memory
action potential - ANS-a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an
axon
threshold - ANS-the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
refractory period - ANS-in neural processing, a brief resting pause that occurs after a
neuron has fired; subsequent action potentials cannot occur until the axon returns to its
resting state
all-or-none response - ANS-a neuron's reaction of either firing (with a full-strength
response) or not firing; an axon cannot get out of resting potential until it reaches its
threshold and fires off
synapse - ANS-the junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the
dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
synaptic cleft - ANS-the tiny gap between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the
dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
, neurotransmitters - ANS-chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between
neurons: when released by the sending neuron, they travel across the synapse and
bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron
reuptake - ANS-the process where excess neurotransmitters drift away, are broken
down by enzymes, or are reabsorbed by the sending neuron
endorphins - ANS-"morphine within"—natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to
pain control and to pleasure
agonist - ANS-a molecules that increases a neurotransmitter's action
anatogonist - ANS-a molecule that inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter's action
phrenology - ANS-the idea that studying bumps on a person's skull could reveal a
person's underlying brain size and thus reveal a person's mental abilities and character
traits
Frantz Gall - ANS-Who proposed the idea of phrenology?
localization of function - ANS-the idea that various brain regions have particular
functions
listen; speak - ANS-"Dendrites ___________ , Axons ____________ "
Communication to muscles slow and the individual eventually loses muscle control. This
causes Multiple Sclerosis (MS) - ANS-What happens when myelin sheath degenerates?
What disease can it cause?
terminal branches of axon/end axon/synaptic knob - ANS-branched endings of an axon
shorter; longer - ANS-Dendrites are _____________ in length and axons are
_______________ in length.
selectively permeable - ANS-Axon's surface is _______________________________
___________________________ .
neuroanatomy - ANS-the study of the parts/function of neurons
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