Exam (elaborations)
BEHV 4010
- Module
- 4010 Exam 1
- Institution
- 4010 Exam 1
Exam of 6 pages for the course 4010 Exam 1 at 4010 Exam 1 (BEHV 4010)
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BEHV 4010Extinction - ANS-When operant behavior that has been previously reinforced no longer
produces reinforcing consequences the behavior gradually stops occurring
Two different variants of extinction - ANS-1. complete removal of aversive stimulation
2. continued presentation of aversive stimuli, BUT no escape or avoidance
Negative reinforcement - ANS-The process of negative reinforcement involves the
removal, reduction,postponement, or prevention of stimulation and strengthens the
response on which they are contingent.
Describe the difficulties with distinguishing between positive and negative reinforcement
in applied situations (remember mosquito bite and scratching) - ANS-Some stimulus
changes associated with an increase in behavior are difficult to classify as
"presentation" versus "removal."
What are the three features of a typical negative reinforcement paradigm, according to
Hineline (1977) as cited in the current article? - ANS-The presence of aversive
stimulation, the availability of a response, and a suitable contingency between the
response and the stimulation. Think A-B-C contingency
For time-out to be effective what is it dependent up on? - ANS-For time-out to be
effective it I dependent on the features of the "time-in"environment.
Describe a DRO contingency with the escape contingency still operative. Also, when
might you see this type of treatment in place? - ANS-Access to an appetitive reinforcer
would be made contingent on the absence of the target behavior while the
escape/avoidance contingency is still operative. This might be seen when no attempt is
made to identify the behavior-maintaining contingency.
What are some considerations before implementing punishment for negatively
reinforced problem behavior? (hint: the authors list four considerations) - ANS-Although
elicited behavior may not necessarily compromise the use of punishment, it may have a
DELETERIOUS EFFECT on the overall treatment program. Punishment with the same
stimulus used during escape or avoidance training may acquire discriminative
properties for responding as a result of reinstating the conditions under which escape
originated, occasioning the behavior being punished. Schedule-related variables can
determine whether contingent stimulation serves as either punishment or reinforcement.
, It has been noted that punishment intensity and the presence or absence of avoidance
contingencies may have an interactive effect on behavior.
operant model of stimulus fading - ANS-The operant model of stimulus fading involves
four things. These include the [initial identification of response-producing stimuli,
stimulus alteration to the point where responding does not occur, presentation of the
altered stimuli with a gradual return to their original state, and extinction of escape
behavior.]
What are error correction strategies? What are the two methods in which correct
responding may increase? - ANS-Error correction = Contingent on incorrect responses
during a behavioral acquisition program, some aversive stimulation or additional
prompting is provided
Two ways-Can be a punishment procedure for incorrect responses or a negative
reinforcement procedure for correct responses. (think of touch blue)
What are some established treatments for positively-maintained problem behavior? In
contrast, which of these have been extended to the treatment of negatively-maintained
problem behavior? - ANS-Established treatments for positively-maintained problem
behavior include Variation and Extension, Parametric Analysis, and Comparison. None
of these have been addressed adequately in applied research on the extinction of
negatively reinforced behavior. V.P.E.C.
What was the difference between the extinction plus physical guidance procedure and
the extinction + guidance + response blocking procedure? For whom was
extinction+physical guidance effective for? For whom was the extinction + guidance +
response blocking procedure effective for? - ANS-Extinction plus physical
guidance-they wait for SIB then guide her
Extinction+physical guidance+response blocking- interrupted SIB before it could occur
and provided physical guidance
What was the setting in Study 3? How did the researchers define "tolerance?" Why did
they reinforce tolerance rather than appropriate behavior? - ANS-Two different
treatment rooms. Tolerance-the absence of interfering behavior. Tolerance was
reinforced because there were not many opportunities for Donald to comply with
instruction, therefore, fewer opportunities for the experimenter to reinforce appropriate
behavior.
What is DRO 15 - ANS-Differential reinforcement of other behavior on a schedule of 15
minutes
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