Exam (elaborations)
AP Comparative Government and Politics Semester Exam.
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- Ap Comp. Gov. Unit 2 test
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- Ap Comp. Gov. Unit 2 Test
AP Comparative Government and Politics Semester Exam.
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AP Comparative Government and PoliticsSemester Exam
Advanced Democracies - ANS-"Industrialized Democracies," "Durable Democratic
Regimes," "Early Developers" (formally "First World")
When authors or text writers use these terms they are usually talking about rich,
Western countries with relatively long
histories of political development
These countries have some form of representative democracy
Authoritarian Rule/Regime - ANS-A system of rule in which power depends not on
popular legitimacy but on the coercive force of the political authorities
Authority - ANS-The legal right to exercise power on behalf of the society and/or
government
Bonyads - ANS-Quasi-private foundations and religious endowments that are charged
with aiding the poor by managing many state-owned enterprises (Iran)
Bureaucracy - ANS-A hierarchically structured organization charged with carrying out
policies determined by those with political authority
Camarilla - ANS-A complex organization of patronage typically lead by the president
where you have to show loyalty to a higher ranking to curry favor (Mexico)
Catch All Party - ANS-A political party whose aim is to gather support from a broad
range of citizens through a de-emphasis of ideology and an
emphasis on pragmatism, charismatic leadership, and marketing
Charismatic Authority - ANS-A style of leadership based on the leaders exceptional
personal qualities
Checks and Balances - ANS-A governmental system of divided authority in which
coequal branches can restrain each other's actions
Civil Liberties - ANS-Political rights and freedoms
, Civil Service - ANS-A system of carefully describing tasks involved in performing
government jobs, evaluating applicants for those jobs (civil service exams), and hiring
people from among those applicants based on skills and experience rather than political
factors
Civil Society - ANS-Refers to the space occupied by voluntary associations outside of
the state
Cleavages - ANS-Factors that separate groups within a society (ethnicity, religion, social
class, region, etc)
Clientelism (also Patron/Client Politics) - ANS-An exchange system in which clients offer
support and loyalty to patrons who offer material and intangible benefits
An informal aspect of policymaking in which a powerful patron offers resources such as
land, contracts, protection, or
jobs in return for the support and services of lower-status and less powerful clients
Code Law - ANS-Law based on written rules/codes of law (China, Mexico, Russia)
Command Economy - ANS-An economic/political system in which government
decisions rather than markets determine resource use and output (central planning)
Common Law - ANS-Law based on tradition, past practices, and legal precedents set
by the courts through interpretations of statutes, legal
legislation, and past rulings (Britain)
In short, "one application determines the next application of the law"
Communism - ANS-A system of social organization based on the common ownership
and coordination of production
Comparative Politics - ANS-Field within political science that focuses on domestic
politics (internal) and analyzes patterns of similarity and difference
Competitive Elections - ANS-Elections that are regular, free, and fair
One broad, essential requirement for democracy
Confederal System - ANS-A system of government that spreads power among many
sub-units (such as states), and has a weak central government
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