Summary
Summary Education with Theory and Methods (notes)
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- AQA
Notes covering all topics for AQA A-Level Sociology Paper 1 (Education with Theory and Methods)
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Education,Education and society
Functionalism
Emile Durkheim
- Education transmits societal norms and values creating 'essential similarities’
- It produces social solidarity
- It teaches the skills and knowledge necessary for occupational roles
- Saw the education system as a society in miniature
Evaluation
- Assumes that all societies have a shared culture that can be passed down by the
education system
- Marxists and Feminists
- It can be argued that schools emphasise individual competition rather than cooperation
Talcott Parsons
- Education fulfils the process of secondary socialisation
- Universalistic standards and achieved status
- Schools operate on meritocratic principles
- A major mechanism for role allocation
Evaluation
- The extent to which society is meritocratic is questionable
- Marxists and Feminists
Davis and Moore
- Education works with the stratification system
Evaluation
- The relationship between academic credentials and occupational reward is not
particularly close
- It has been argued that the education system does not always grade in terms of ability
- There is evidence to suggest that social stratification largely prevents the education
system from efficiently grading individuals in terms of ability
, Education and society
Marxism
Louis Althusser
- The education system acts as an ideological state apparatus, transmitting bourgeoisie
ideas
- As a part of the superstructure, the education system reproduces labour power
Evaluation
- Althusser provides only a general framework with little evidence to support his views
- His theory is based on the assumption of passivity and acceptance of ruling-class
ideology
Bowles and Gintis
- The education system reproduces labour power through the hidden curriculum
- Correspondence theory creates an obedient and passive workforce
- The education system legitimises inequality by creating a false sense of opportunity
Evaluation
- Bowles and Gintis have an arguably deterministic view
- They ignore resistance and conflict within the education system
Paul Willis
- Counter-school culture reflecting working-class masculinity
- They are therefore condemned to manual labour in an exploitative and oppressive
system
Evaluation
- Ignorance of other forms of student subcultures
- The relevance of the research is questionable
- Small sample size
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