Chapter 52: Antidiabetics MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about diabetes. The nurse explains that which type of diabetes is the most common? a. Type 1 diabetes mellitus b. Type 2 diabetes mellitus c. Diabetes insipidus d. Secondary diabetes - : B Type 2 diabete...
Pharmacology Final Exam Questions
Chapter 52: Antidiabetics
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about diabetes. The nurse
explains that which type of diabetes is the most common?
a. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
b. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
c. Diabetes insipidus
d. Secondary diabetes - : B
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes.
2. A patient develops type 2 diabetes mellitus. The nurse will explain that this type of
diabetes
a. is generally triggered by medications.
b. is not as common as type 1 diabetes.
c. is often related to heredity and obesity.
d. will not require insulin therapy. - : C
Type 2 diabetes is often caused by obesity and hereditary factors. Secondary diabetes
is triggered by medications. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes.
Patients with type 2 diabetes may become insulin-dependent.
3. A patient who is overweight is being evaluated for diabetes. The patient has a blood
glucose level of 160 mg/dL and a hemoglobin A1c of 5.8%. The nurse understands that
this patient has which condition?
a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Normal blood levels
d. Prediabetes - : D
Patients with a hemoglobin A1c between 5.7% and 6.4% are considered to have
prediabetes. A level of 6.5% or more indicates diabetes. The patient is hyperglycemic.
4. The nurse is teaching a patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus
about insulin administration. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further
teaching?
a. "I may use a chosen site daily for up to a week."
b. "I should give each injection a knuckle length away from a previous injection."
c. "I will not be concerned about a raised knot under my skin from injecting insulin."
d. "Insulin is absorbed better from subcutaneous sites on my abdomen. - : C
Lipohypertrophy is a raised lump or knot on the skin surface caused by repeated
injections into the same site, and this can interfere with insulin absorption. Patients are
encouraged to use the same site for a week, giving each injection a knuckle length
away from the previous injection. Insulin absorption is greater when given in abdominal
areas.
: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
5. The nurse is teaching a patient how to administer insulin. The patient is thin with very
little body fat. The nurse will suggest injecting insulin
a. by pinching up the skin and injecting straight down.
b. in the abdomen only with the needle at a 90-degree angle.
c. subcutaneously with the needle at a 45- to 60-degree angle.
d. using the thigh and buttocks areas exclusively. - : C
In a thin person, with little fatty tissue, the needle is inserted at a 45- to 60-degree
angle. In other patients, a 45- to 90-degree angle is acceptable. There is no
recommendation for preferring one site over another.
: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
6. The nurse receives the following order for insulin: IV NPH (Humulin NPH) 10 units.
The nurse will perform which action?
a. Administer the dose as ordered.
b. Clarify the insulin type and route.
c. Give the drug subcutaneously.
d. Question the insulin dose. - : B
Only regular insulin can be given intravenously. The nurse should clarify the order. It is
not correct to give Humulin NPH insulin IV. The nurse should not administer the drug by
a different route without first discussing with the provider.
: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
7. The nurse will administer parenteral insulin to a patient who will receive a mixture of
NPH (Humulin NPH) and regular (Humulin R). The nurse will give this medication via
which route?
a. Intradermal
b. Intramuscular
c. Intravenous
d. Subcutaneous - : D
Insulin is given by the subcutaneous route. Only regular insulin may be given IV.
: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
8. The nurse is teaching a patient about home administration of insulin. The patient will
receive regular (Humulin R) and NPH (Humulin NPH) insulin at 0700 every day. What is
important to teach this patient?
a. "Draw up the medications in separate syringes."
b. "Draw up the NPH insulin first."
c. "Draw up the regular insulin first."
d. "Draw up the medications after mixing them in a vial." - : C
Patients should be instructed to draw up regular insulin first so that NPH is not mixed
into the vial of regular insulin. It is not necessary to use separate syringes. Patients do
not mix the medications in a vial.
: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
9. A patient is ordered to receive insulin lispro at mealtimes. The nurse will instruct this
patient to administer the medication at which time?
a. 5 minutes before eating
b. 15 minutes after eating
c. 30 minutes before eating
d. 10 minutes after eating - : A
Lispro acts faster than other insulins, and patients should be taught to give this
medication not more than 5 minutes before eating.
, : NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
10. The parent of a junior high-school child who has type 1 diabetes asks the nurse if
the child can participate in sports. The nurse will tell the parent
a. that strenuous exercise is not recommended for children with diabetes.
b. that the child must be monitored for hyperglycemia while exercising.
c. to administer an extra dose of regular insulin prior to exercise.
d. to send a snack with the child to eat just prior to exercise. - : D
Patients generally need less insulin with increased exercise, so the child should
consume a snack to prevent hypoglycemia. Exercise is an integral part of diabetes
management. Hypoglycemia is more likely to occur, and extra insulin is not indicated.
: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
11. A patient has administered regular insulin 30 minutes prior but has not received a
breakfast tray. The patient is experiencing nervousness and tremors. What is the
nurse's first action?
a. Administer glucagon.
b. Give the patient orange juice.
c. Notify the kitchen to deliver the tray.
d. Perform bedside glucose testing. - : B
The patient is symptomatic and has hypoglycemia. The nurse should give orange juice.
Glucagon is given for patients unable to ingest carbohydrates. The kitchen should be
notified, and bedside glucose testing should be performed, but only after the patient is
given carbohydrates.
: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies
12. A patient who has type 1 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about using a
combination insulin product such as Humalog 75/25. The nurse will tell the patient that
use of this product
a. depends on individual insulin needs.
b. is useful for patient with insulin resistance.
c. means less rotation of injection sites.
d. requires refrigeration at all times. - : A
Combination products are convenient because the patient does not have to mix insulin,
but the products depend on individual needs, since the doses are fixed. They are not
used for patients with insulin resistance. Patients must continue to rotate injection sites.
They do not require refrigeration after first use.
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