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Memory Psychology AQA summary
an indepth and easily read summary of all of the content for memory in psychology aqa alevel
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MEMORY NOTESTHE MULTI STORE MODEL OF MEMORY AO1
- Assumes there are three stores of memory: sensory memory, short
term memory and long term memory and to move to the next one
requires an action eg attention
- SENSORY STORE- a short duration store that holds impressions of
information received by the senses eg sights and smells. Each sense
has its own section eg iconic is for visual memory and echoic is for
auditory memory. As people we keep information here for a very
short time because the sensory store holds very little
- SHORT TERM MEMORY- known as limited capacity store of memory.
Maintenance rehearsal occurs when something is repeated in this
store over and over again which is the only way something can stay
in the short term memory. Longer rehearsal leads to the information
passing to the long term memory
- LONG TERM MEMORY- permanent memory store. Memories that
have been rehearsed for a long period of time are stored in the LTM.
When we want to recall the information, we have to transfer it back
to the STM by a process called retrieval
THE MULTI STORE MODEL OF MEMORY AO3
STRENGTH
- Research support
- Jacobs, baddley and peterson proved the MSM with lots of research
- Baddeley found in the STM we store acoustically and in LTM
semantically
- Supports the idea of there being more than one memory store
- Reliable scientific evidence to support the existence of the different
stores
- Dated research and used dated methods of testing memory
, LIMITATION
- MSM suggests the STM is a unitary store
- Oversimplifies the STM
- A case study of a patient called KF had amnesia and found his recall
very poor when digits were read aloud to him but better when he
could read the digits to himself
- Degrades the capcity and simplifies the STM which ignores its ability
and assumes its only one store
- However the case of KF proves this idea is too simplistic and cannot
be applied to all individuals
- Model is limited in terms of its capability and validity
- Cannot be used to accurately measure the STM process as it doesn't
consider the different processes involved
LIMITATION
- MSM gives too simplistic view on how information is passed from
STM to LTM
- Craig and watkins found there to be a different type of rehearsal
known as elaborative rehearsal
- This is when new info is linked to pre existing info or rehearsal is
based on thinking about what the new info means
- Elaborative rehearsal is too simplistic and we are unable to apply
this to all the information we intake
- MSM has limited application when trying to understand memory
because not all information simply moves to the LTM due to
repetition as the MSM assumes
FEATURES OF EACH STORE: CODING, CAPACITY AND DURATION
AO1
- CODING- the information each store likes to receive
- CAPACITY- how much information can be stored
- DURATION- how long can information be kept in each store
- SENSORY STORE- iconic store is visual coding and echoic store is
auditory coding, very large capacity, limited duration
- SHORT TERM MEMORY- mainly acoustic coding( Baddeley gave 4
different word lists to ppts group 1= words sounding familiar group
2= different words and ppts did worse recalling with similar words
so we code acoustically) , 5-9 items on average can be stored
(Jacobs developed digit span test where ppts given 4 digits to recall
and one dig added for every correct recall and found the capacity is
around 7 items) , information can be stored for up to 20-30 seconds
(Peterson had 24 students each given a constant syllable of 3 letters
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