Exam (elaborations)
BICH 411 Exam 3.
Exam of 7 pages for the course UNMC Patho 2 Exam 1 (Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, at UNMC Patho 2 Exam 1 (Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, (BICH 411 Exam 3.)
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BICH 411 Exam 3Where and from what are bile salts synthesized? - ANS-in the liver from cholesterol
What is the function of bile salts? - ANS-produce micelles by emulsification
What is pancreatic lipase enhanced by? - ANS-interfacial activation - lipid-water
interface
facilitaties what enzyme is coupled to pancreatic lipase? what is it's function? -
ANS-colipase- hydrophobic platform to bind lipids
What are the two fates of IDL? - ANS-IDL absorbed by the liver is sent back out as
VLDL
IDL that picks up cholesteryl esters from HDL are turned into LDL
What is the main function of LDL? - ANS-Cholesterol carrier
1. deliver cholesterol to cells
2. biosynth bile salts in teh liver
3. synth of steroid hormones
What is the function of HDL? - ANS-cholesterol recovery- excess back to the liver
delivers to steroidogenic tissues as well
What is the function of ApoA-1? - ANS-found in HDL
homotetramer that wraps around HDL
SR-B1 receptor- reverse cholesterol transport, transfers lipids and leaves as it
dissociates from apo A-1, leaves as remnant HDL to pick up more cholesterol
Why are ABC transporters important? - ANS-ABCA1 - a flippase
controls efflux of cholesterols and phospholipids to nHDL
What is the main function of Apo-B-100? - ANS-found in VLDL and LDL
LDL receptor mediated endocytosis- drop off cholesterol
delivers cholesterol to peripheral tissues
, What is the function of Apo-E? - ANS-chylommicrons, VLDL
triggers clearance of VLDL and chylomicron remnants
What is the function of Apo-CII? - ANS-activates extracellular lipoprotein lipase in the
capillaries
unloads TAGS
hydrolyzes TAGS
VLDL --> IDL --> LDL
What apoproteins to chylomicrons have? - ANS-Apo-C II (lipoprotein lipase, unload
TAGS)
Apo E (clearance of remnants)
What apoproteins are on the surface of VLDL? - ANS-Apo-C II (lipoprotein lipase,
hydrolyzes TAGS)
Apo-B 100 ( LDL receptor mediated endocytosis)
Apo E (clearance of remnants- enhance binding to LDL)
What apoproteins are on LDL? - ANS-Apo B 100 (LDL receptor mediated endocytosis)
What activates hormone sensitive lipase? - ANS-glucagon and epinephrine
increases cAMP- activates protein kinases, decreases lipid synthesis, activates FA
breakdown
hydrolyzes fat droplets to free FA to go to serum albumin
What receptor allows the FA in the blood stream to enter the cell? - ANS-CD36
How does CD36 relate to hormones? - ANS-gluc and epinephrine cause in increase in
teh number of transporters- directly related
Draw the reaction with the mechanism of FA activation - ANS-acyl-CoA synthetases
What is the intermediate formed from the reaction with acyl-CoA synthetases? -
ANS-acyl-adenylate intermediate
What are the two enzymes in the carnitine transport? - ANS-carnitine palmitoyl
transferase I
carnitine palmitoyl transferase II
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