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P1-Outline the functions of the main cell components UNIT 5
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P1-Outline the functions of the main cell components UNIT 5
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Rachael Wardle Unit 5P1-Outline the functions of the main cell components
The main cell components in a eukaryotic cell are - cell membrane, nucleus, chromosomes,
cytoplasm; mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum; ribosomes; golgi apparatus, and lysosome.
These organelles help the cell function.
Cell membrane
The cell membrane is the semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of the cell.
It’s job is to protect the cell from its surroundings. It controls the movement of substances in
and out of the cell.
Nucleus
The nucleus contains the Deoxyribonucleic acid, it carries a coiled molecule called DNA
which contains genetic information. DNA carries the different codes needed for different
amino acids.
Chromosomes
A chromosome is a DNA molecule with all of the genetic material of an organism.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is the fluid within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. It is made up of mostly
salt and water, its function is to give the cell its shape.
Mitochondria
Mitochondria are small organelles floating throughout the cell. They take in nutrients, break
them down and create energy for the cell to use.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum are a network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of a cell. If
it is smooth endoplasmic reticulum it takes place with a smooth surface and if it is rough
endoplasmic reticulum it is studded with ribosomes. It is involved in the transport of material.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes are the protein builders of the cell. They connect amino acids together and start
the process of creating proteins which allow the cell the continue its important functions.
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus receives proteins and fats from rough endoplasmic reticulum. It
modifies, sorts and packs them into sealed droplets called vesicles.
Lysosomes
Lysosomes hold enzymes that were created by the cell. The purpose of it is to digest things
whether it is food or dead cells. The lysosome is a special vesicle which holds a variety of
enzymes.
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