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Summary OCR AS/Alevel Geography: Coastal landscapes notes and planned essays
- Module
- Coastal Landscapes
- Institution
- OCR
OCR AS/Alevel Geography: Coastal landscapes notes and planned essays for all possible questions
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Human activity: intentional vs unintentionalImportant to assess what impacts our activities are having on coastal landscapes for us to be able to reverse any damage we may cause before it creates
permanent damage
Intentional Unintentional
- at sandbanks coastal management strategies have been put inlace in attempts to - Mangawhai Pakiri stretches for 20 km and sand mining has been occurring along the
conserve the beach coastline for the past 70 yrs at a rate of 165,000 km2 annually 1994-2004
- This was done as the beach has receded by 150 m in the last 100 years due to the - Sand is high quality and has thus been used for construction and to replenish tourist
high energy destructive waves caused by the 4,900km fetch beaches in Auckland
- This has meant sediment was removed leading to greater outputs than inputs thus - This has meant that outputs to the system are 5x higher than inputs
explaining the retreat - This has meant that the beach’s sediment budget is in de cit leading to a signi cant
- There have been 14 rock groynes hat have been constructed along the beach decrease in beach width and depths
- These groynes prevents the movement of sediment along the beach by LSD - As a result waves break earlier and so have a stronger backwash leading to an
- Means that sediment will build up and has led to the creation of 7 miles of new beach increased rate of erosion as greater quantities of sediment is removed
- This increase in the width of the beach creates greater friction whcih slows down - This increased erosion means that the beach is less able to absorb wave en ergo
incoming waves leading to the formation of high-energy destructive waves
- means that beach is more able to able to absorb wave energy creating low energy - This means that spits and sand dunes become vulnerable especially as they are made
constructive waves which have stronger swath and thus leading to material being of unconsolidated material which is very easily picked up and removed by the high
deposited erosive force of the destructive waves
- Will lead to an increase in inputs, helping restore dynamic equilibrium ergo, preserving - In1978 this caused a 28m breach of the Mangawhai spit
landscape - Moreover, sand was deposited 9,000 yrs ago during the Holocene and there are no
- Moreover , 3.5 million m3 of sediment has also been dumped on beaches along Poole major uvial inputs
bay - This means that sediment is non-renewable and the sediment budget is a closed
- This has led to a further increase in inputs and thus beach build up further allowing it system
to absorb more wave energy meaning that erosion rates decrease further - Thus the removal of a high volume of material has meant dynamic equilibrium has
- Has helped sediment equilibrium be maintained meaning that the sediment budget is stopped leading to long-term retreat which is currently predicted to be at least 35m
no longer in de cit and so beach no longer retreat - This retreat is likely to be made worse in the future as global warming will increase
- However, management strategies have also had unintended negative impacts as the the frequency and intensity of storm surges leading to more destructive weaves and
construction of groynes has led terminal groyne syndrome erosion
- Groynes prevent LSD from binging sediment to adjacent coastlines which has led to - However, this can also have intended positive impacts in the future as sand mining
these places experiencing sediment de cit has allowed for economic development in Auckland
- Has led to beach being narrower meaning that erosion increases leading to retreat - Beaches attracted 2.3 million ppl to the area in 2015 and the area accounts for 35%
- However, the main reason my beaches in Sandbanks are conserved is due to the of New Zealand’s GDP
beach's blue ag statues which annually attract 11.2 million people to the area - Provides the gov with signi cant revenue that could be used to implement coastal
- This contributes almost 1 billion to the local economy which in the future could be management along the beach which in the future would restore equilibrium and
used to invest in implementing coastal management on adjacent coastlines currently prevent any further retreat
a ected by terminal groyne syndrome
- So can have future intended positive impacts
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, Human activity: positive vs negative
Important to assess what impacts our activities are having on coastal landscapes for us to be able to reverse any damage we may cause before it creates
permanent damage
Positive Negative
- at sandbanks coastal management strategies have been put inlace in attempts to - Mangawhai Pakiri stretches for 20 km and sand mining has been occurring along the
conserve the beach coastline for the past 70 yrs at a rate of 165,000 km2 annually 1994-2004
- This was done as the beach has receded by 150 m in the last 100 years due to the - Sand is high quality and has thus been used for construction and to replenish tourist
high energy destructive waves caused by the 4,900km fetch beaches in Auckland
- This has meant sediment was removed leading to greater outputs than inputs thus - This has meant that outputs to the system are 5x higher than inputs
explaining the retreat - This has meant that the beach’s sediment budget is in de cit leading to a signi cant
- There have been 14 rock groynes hat have been constructed along the beach decrease in beach width and depths
- These groynes prevents the movement of sediment along the beach by LSD - As a result waves break earlier and so have a stronger backwash leading to an
- Means that sediment will build up and has led to the creation of 7 miles of new beach increased rate of erosion as greater quantities of sediment is removed
- This increase in the width of the beach creates greater friction whcih slows down - This increased erosion means that the beach is less able to absorb wave en ergo
incoming waves leading to the formation of high-energy destructive waves
- means that beach is more able to able to absorb wave energy creating low energy - This means that spits and sand dunes become vulnerable especially as they are made
constructive waves which have stronger swath and thus leading to material being of unconsolidated material which is very easily picked up and removed by the high
deposited erosive force of the destructive waves
- Will lead to an increase in inputs, helping restore dynamic equilibrium ergo, preserving - In1978 this caused a 28m breach of the Mangawhai spit
landscape - Moreover, sand was deposited 9,000 yrs ago during the Holocene and there are no
- Moreover , 3.5 million m3 of sediment has also been dumped on beaches along Poole major uvial inputs
bay - This means that sediment is non-renewable and the sediment budget is a closed
- This has led to a further increase in inputs and thus beach build up further allowing it system
to absorb more wave energy meaning that erosion rates decrease further - Thus the removal of a high volume of material has meant dynamic equilibrium has
- Has helped sediment equilibrium be maintained meaning that the sediment budget is stopped leading to long-term retreat which is currently predicted to be at least 35m
no longer in de cit and so beach no longer retreat - This retreat is likely to be made worse in the future as global warming will increase
- However, management strategies have also had unintended negative impacts as the the frequency and intensity of storm surges leading to more destructive weaves and
construction of groynes has led terminal groyne syndrome erosion
- Groynes prevent LSD from binging sediment to adjacent coastlines which has led to - However, this can also have positive impacts in the future as sand mining has allowed
these places experiencing sediment de cit for economic development in Auckland
- Has led to beach being narrower meaning that erosion increases leading to retreat - Beaches attracted 2.3 million ppl to the area in 2015 and the area accounts for 35%
- However, the main reason my beaches in Sandbanks are conserved is due to the of New Zealand’s GDP
beach's blue ag statues which annually attract 11.2 million people to the area - Provides the gov with signi cant revenue that could be used to implement coastal
- This contributes almost 1 billion to the local economy which in the future could be management along the beach which in the future would restore equilibrium and
used to invest in implementing coastal management on adjacent coastlines currently prevent any further retreat
a ected by terminal groyne syndrome
- So can have future positive impacts
ff fl fl fi fi fi fi fi
, How can human activity cause change in coastal landscape systems
Important to assess what impacts our activities are having on coastal landscapes for us to be able to reverse any damage we may cause before it creates
permanent damage
Positive Negative
- at sandbanks coastal management strategies have been put inlace in attempts to - Mangawhai Pakiri stretches for 20 km and sand mining has been occurring along the
conserve the beach coastline for the past 70 yrs at a rate of 165,000 km2 annually 1994-2004
- This was done as the beach has receded by 150 m in the last 100 years due to the - Sand is high quality and has thus been used for construction and to replenish tourist
high energy destructive waves caused by the 4,900km fetch beaches in Auckland
- This has meant sediment was removed leading to greater outputs than inputs thus - This has meant that outputs to the system are 5x higher than inputs
explaining the retreat - This has meant that the beach’s sediment budget is in de cit leading to a signi cant
- There have been 14 rock groynes hat have been constructed along the beach decrease in beach width and depths
- These groynes prevents the movement of sediment along the beach by LSD - As a result waves break earlier and so have a stronger backwash leading to an
- Means that sediment will build up and has led to the creation of 7 miles of new beach increased rate of erosion as greater quantities of sediment is removed
- This increase in the width of the beach creates greater friction whcih slows down - This increased erosion means that the beach is less able to absorb wave en ergo
incoming waves leading to the formation of high-energy destructive waves
- means that beach is more able to able to absorb wave energy creating low energy - This means that spits and sand dunes become vulnerable especially as they are made
constructive waves which have stronger swath and thus leading to material being of unconsolidated material which is very easily picked up and removed by the high
deposited erosive force of the destructive waves
- Will lead to an increase in inputs, helping restore dynamic equilibrium ergo, preserving - In1978 this caused a 28m breach of the Mangawhai spit
landscape - Moreover, sand was deposited 9,000 yrs ago during the Holocene and there are no
- Moreover , 3.5 million m3 of sediment has also been dumped on beaches along Poole major uvial inputs
bay - This means that sediment is non-renewable and the sediment budget is a closed
- This has led to a further increase in inputs and thus beach build up further allowing it system
to absorb more wave energy meaning that erosion rates decrease further - Thus the removal of a high volume of material has meant dynamic equilibrium has
- Has helped sediment equilibrium be maintained meaning that the sediment budget is stopped leading to long-term retreat which is currently predicted to be at least 35m
no longer in de cit and so beach no longer retreat - This retreat is likely to be made worse in the future as global warming will increase
- However, management strategies have also had unintended negative impacts as the the frequency and intensity of storm surges leading to more destructive weaves and
construction of groynes has led terminal groyne syndrome erosion
- Groynes prevent LSD from binging sediment to adjacent coastlines which has led to - However, this can also have positive impacts in the future as sand mining has allowed
these places experiencing sediment de cit for economic development in Auckland
- Has led to beach being narrower meaning that erosion increases leading to retreat - Beaches attracted 2.3 million ppl to the area in 2015 and the area accounts for 35%
- However, the main reason my beaches in Sandbanks are conserved is due to the of New Zealand’s GDP
beach's blue ag statues which annually attract 11.2 million people to the area - Provides the gov with signi cant revenue that could be used to implement coastal
- This contributes almost 1 billion to the local economy which in the future could be management along the beach which in the future would restore equilibrium and
used to invest in implementing coastal management on adjacent coastlines currently prevent any further retreat
a ected by terminal groyne syndrome
- So can have future positive impacts
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fl fl fi fi fi fi fi
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