Lecture notes
Education and social class notes (external factors)
Summary notes of external factors impacting educational differences between social classes.
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Cultural deprivation Summary : Material deprivation• Bernstein - speech codes Sociologists suggest that working • Gibson and Asthana - inadequate housing
class underachievement is influenced
Teachers, textbooks, and tests use the by factors beyond school, including Achievement can be directly and indirectly
developed code, working-class children are material and cultural deprivation. impacted by substandard housing:
disadvantaged by differences in speech codes. These include inability to afford basic There is not enough room for academic pursuits
Due to their early socialisation into the complex resources and lack of socialization, like reading and assignments due to
code, middle-class students already have an language skills, and attitudes. Cultural overcrowding. It also refers to shared bedrooms
advantage. capital, including knowledge, language, causing sleep disturbances.
attitudes, values, and lifestyle, Families residing in temporary housing may
provides an advantage in a middle- experience frequent relocation, which could
• Douglas - parental attitudes
class controlled education system. disrupt their educational process.
Parents' Education: Parents from working-class Homes that are overcrowded put occupants at
backgrounds place a lower priority on education; higher risk of illness and accidents. This could
they also have lower expectations for their kids Education And social class result in missing school.
and encourage them less to do homework and (external factors)
other educational tasks. Consequently, a large
• Howard - diet and health
number of working-class parents choose not to
attend parents' evening. Cultural capital Adolescents from lower-income households
• Bordieu consume less energy, vitamins, and minerals. For
• Sugarmann - WC subcultures instance, a child's immune system is weakened by
Children from middle-class poor diet, which can lead to increased school
Working class students face 4 major obstacles to families who have cultural capital absences
achieving their academic goals in school: are better able to handle the
Fatalism: You are powerless to alter your demands of the academic
situation. programme. Parents have the
ability to transform cultural Key :
Collectivism: the belief that belonging to a
capital into financial capital by, Sociologist names
group is more valuable than being an individual
for instance, allowing their kids Key theories
Instant gratification : practice of pursuing
pleasure without delaying gratification in order to attend private schools.
to reap benefits later.
Having no long-term objectives : one values the
now over the future is known as present-time
orientation.
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