Unlock your academic potential with my notes on Immunity and Infection, tailored specifically for students pursuing BSc Biomedical Science, Biochemistry, Biology, Biomedical Engineering and Nursing. These notes are perfect for anyone looking to excel in their studies and gain a deep understanding o...
Module: Infection and Immunity BIOS5050
Date: Friday 19th January
Time: 1pm-2pm
Immunology: Innate Immunity
Innate immunity is a defence system were born with, this encompasses macrophages, and
dendritic cells. It is found in all animals, including plants. Any eukaryotic cell has innate
immunity. It encompasses exterior defences, including chemicals, physical barriers, and cells.
Learning Objectives:
To understand the exterior defences.
The microbiome in protecting the GI tract from pathogen attack.
Defensins (evolutionary chemical that help fight pathogens)
3 phases of the immune response
How is inflammation defined?
Phagocytosis, how we engulf and digest bacteria using macrophages and dendritic
cells.
Which pathogenic bacteria have strategies to escape bacteria?
Key terms:
PAMPs – pathogen associated molecular patterns.
PRR’s – pathogen recognition receptors
Commensals – embryotic bacteria, we have up to 10-11 individual commensals living in our
gut.
Continual evolution, finding new strategies for bacteria to avoid the immune system.
Exterior and physical defence systems:
1. Enzymes (lysozyme) in our tears - These chew through the layer of the peptidoglycan
chain to create a path and expose the lipid bilayer.
2. Fatty acids in our skin protecting us from infection.
3. Low PH in vagina
4. PH2 in the gut
5. Rapid air movement in the respiratory tract.
6. Flushing of the urinary tract – this is important to remove toxins from the bladder.
7. Air movement to stop bacteria build up in the airways. Unless you are a smoker, as
the cilia become paralysed by the smoke.
Gram positive bacteria – have a thicker cell wall and take up the dye during tests in
microbiology labs.
Gram negative bacteria – have a smaller cell wall and do not retain the dye.
Table showing the barriers that prevent pathogens getting in.
Skin – fatty acids, beta defences, proteins, microbiome (control uptake of pathogens).
Gut – low PH in stomach, pepsin breaks down the proteins.
1
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller morgan_helene. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for £10.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
