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The actin cytoskeleton is crucial for the function of all cells, a dysfunctional cytoskeleton can
cause disease. Many diseases of the red blood cells affect the cytoskeleton components that
support the cells plasma membrane.
à Actin’s cytoskeleton is highly dynamic and can change its structure depending on
the environment.
FIBREBLAST
This is a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue, it supports and
connects other tissues or organs in the body.
The framework of Fibreblast is made up of:
The leading edge (Microfilaments) – this can move towards the stimulus. You have a band
of actin around the leading edge to support the scaffolding of the cell. All these structures
are controlled and change shape depending on the function and environment of the cell.
(This is called polymerisation)
Filopodia- these are cytoplasmic projections that extend beyond the leading edge of the
migrating cell. These play an important role in cell movement, outgrowth and healing
wounds.
Stress Fibres – these are the tracks that move cargo around the cell (i.e. proteins)
(Example video of cell Amobea on presentation)
Adding drops of Latrunculin A to the cell Amobea:
This causes disruption of the cytoskeleton, affects the movement of the cell and destroys the
actin cytoskeleton, abolishing all cell motility. This experiment shows us that the organisation
of actin is essential for the movement of the cell. The integrity and shape of the cell is
maintained by actin cytoskeleton and damage to this can cause the cell to breakdown.
Why does this happen?
1
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