Exam (elaborations)
NURS 3100 Final Exam (1)
- Module
- Biology 101
- Institution
- Biology 101
NURS 3100 Final Exam (1)
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NURS 3100 Final ExamBioavailability - ANS-the physiologic ability of a drug to reach target cells and produce
its effect.
Half-life - ANS-the time it takes for a drug to decrease in amount by half.
Pharmacokinetics - ANS-The study of medication movement throughout the body. The
ability of a drug to cross plasma (cell) membranes in one of two ways (diffusion or active
transport)
Absorption - ANS-site of administration-through cell membranes- to circulation. Factors
that affect absorption include drug formulation/dissolution, dose, route of administration,
size of the drug molecule, surface area of absorption site, GI motility, blood flow, pH,
lipid solubility.
Distribution - ANS-transport of medications through the body after absorption or
injection. Factors that affect distribution include a medication's affinity for certain areas
of the body, medications also bind to plasma proteins creating a drug-protein complex.
Drug-drug/drug-food interactions occur due to competition for receptor sites; the
blood-brain and fetal-placental barriers prevent distribution to the CNS and fetus,
respectively.
Metabolism - ANS-the biotransformation of medications to form which is more easily
removed from the body. the most important organ in this process is the liver.
Excretion - ANS-the removal of drugs from the body. the rate of excretion determines
the concentration of drugs in the bloodstream/tissues and the drug's duration of action.
the primary organ involved is the kidney.
Pharmacodynamics - ANS-The study of how medications change the body; what
medications do and how they do it
Steps of the Nursing Process - ANS-1. Assessment
2. Nursing Diagnosis
3. Plan
4. Implementation
5. Evaluation
, Assessment - ANS-the collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data
Subjective data: anything told to you (i.e. feelings)
Objective data: includes physical assessment (vital signs), laboratory or other diagnostic
test results.
Nursing Diagnosis - ANS-clinical judgments of a patient's actual or potential health
problems that is within the nurse's scope of practice to address.
Plan - ANS-involves prioritizing diagnoses, formulating desired outcomes, and selecting
nursing interventions to assist patients in achieving an optimal level of wellness. Short-
and long-term goals are established, focusing on what the patient will be able to
accomplish.
Implementation - ANS-action phase of the process. this includes patient teaching
Evaluation - ANS-how the patient's current condition compare with the desired
outcomes
Effects of Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy - ANS-Absorption: progesterone delays
gastric emptying, gastric acidity is decreased, the expanding uterus puts pressure on
the GI tract
Distribution and metabolism: increased plasma volume and blood flow changes may
alter drug dilution and plasma protein binding. Liver metabolism increases for some
drugs (seizure medications), lipid levels change, and fat-soluble drugs easily pass into
breast milk.
Excretion - increased renal blood flow increases drug excretion.
Effects of Pharmacokinetics on Infants - ANS-- use of dropper and pacifiers are helpful
- for intramuscular injections vastus lateralis
- for IVs, feet and scalp veins
Effects of Pharmacokinetics on Older Adults - ANS-Absorption: slowed GI motility and
decreased blood flow; gastric pH is higher
Distribution: increased body fat, decreased body water, protein binding decreases - start
low, go slow
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