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cardiac exam nursing 400.
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cardiac exam nursing 400.
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cardiac exam nursing 400coronary artery disease - ANS-coronary heart disease
acute coronary syndrome - ANS-heart not getting enough blood flow
what are the three different stages of coronary heart disease - ANS-stable angina,
unstable angina, heart attack
stable angina - ANS-enough blood flow to meet the needs of the heart less than 70
percent blocked
cardio angiogram - ANS-looks at blood flow that goes to heart and coronary arteries and
looks at accumulation of plaque
unstable angina - ANS-when arteries become 70 percent or more blocked, significantly
reduces blood flow to the coronary arteries
myocardial infarction - ANS-not enough blood flow to meet the demands of the heart
what starts the process of atherosclerosis - ANS-something that damages the
endothelium of the coronary arteries
risk factors that cause coronary artery disease/coronary heart disease -
ANS-hypertension, ,diabetics, smoking, hyperlipidemia, infectious pathogens, HIV
patients, genetics, age
what infectious pathogens can cause damage to the coronary arteries resulting in
plaque build up and narrowing of the arteries - ANS-H pylori, chlamydia, HEP A,
cytomegalovirus(HIV patients)
fatty streak - ANS-cholesterol that adheres to the lining of the artery that has been
damaged.
what causes chest pain - ANS-the build up of lactic acid from anaerobic process of not
getting enough oxygen due to blocked arteries
what indicates worsening coronary artery disease - ANS-more chest pain
,coronary artery disease clinical manifestations - ANS-chest pain due to build up of lactic
acid, chest pain that can radiate to the left arm, left shoulder, jaw pain, back,
what should you administer to a patient with chest pain - ANS-nitroglycerin
what type of medication is nitroglycerin - ANS-vasodilator
what should you assess before administering nitroglycerin - ANS-blood pressure
when person has low blood pressure measurement or chest pain what should you
assess - ANS-patient history
chest pain with activity/stable angina - ANS-coronary heart disease
what are precipitation factors that can increase chest pain - ANS-activity, stress,
emotion, cold weather, eating a heavy meal, chest pain 2-5min
signs of heart failure - ANS-shortness of breath
what groups of people are normally affected - ANS-
if a patient is having chest pain and you administer morphine for pain and then ask them
to rate their pain again what should the level of pain be at - ANS-0
why does coronary heart disease lead to dysrhythmias - ANS-the artery is ischemic and
effects the SA node, and cellular instability
what is the main cause of mortality in men age 35-45 - ANS-coronary artery disease
why does the risk for coronary heart disease significantly increase for women after
menopause - ANS-lack of estrogen because estrogen helps put a protective lining on
the coronary arteries
what factors increase the risk of coronary disease - ANS-lack of activity, diet, high
cholesterol, high fibrinogen levels, high c-reactive protein,
what is metabolic syndrome - ANS-any 3 of these conditions together-central obesity,
high blood pressure, high triglycerides, diabetes, c-reactive protein(inflammation)
what is the good cholesterol - ANS-HDL
,why is HDL good cholesterol - ANS-it carries bad cholesterol out of the body
what is the bad cholesterol - ANS-LDL
how can you increase your HDL - ANS-exercise
why is childhood obesity a problem - ANS-they are not as active
how can stress damage the lining of the coronary arteries - ANS-catecholamines
how do you care for a patient who comes in with coronary artery disease - ANS-good
health history, diagnostic testing,
what is a nursing intervention for coronary artery disease - ANS-prevention
how do we prevent coronary artery disease - ANS-stop smoking, exercise, low
cholesterol low sodium diet, Mediterranean diet, weight loss, control diabetes
what is the Mediterranean diet consist of - ANS-a lot fish, and vegetables, no red meat
how often should you do a fasting lipid profile - ANS-adults over 20 should have their
initial test, if it is abnormal they should be tested every year, if it is normal every 5 years,
and it depends on the patients risk factors
when we look at cholesterol levels what do we want it to be - ANS-LDL below 100
total cholesterol below 200
HDL greater than 50 for women, and greater than 40 for men
what type of foods effect your triglyceride levels - ANS-sweets, and the level should be
below 150
how do we diagnose a patient with coronary artery disease - ANS-stress test, yearly
physical exam, lipids profile,
how do we monitor what the heart is doing during a stress test - ANS-hook them up to a
continuous EKG monitor
how can we tell on the EKG monitor that the heart is not getting enough oxygen -
ANS-by looking at the ST segment
, how do we perfume a stress test on an elderly person, or disabled person -
ANS-pharmacological stress test
what happens if the EKG comes back positive - ANS-means we see some changes and
suspect the heart is not getting enough oxygen, so the next test should be an
angiocardiograph
what does the dye do when performing an cardio angiogram - ANS-it follows the flow of
the blood through the coronary arteries
what does the cardio angiogram show - ANS-the flow of blood through the heart, and
the pumping action
what should be checked before an angiocardiogram is done - ANS-kidney functions,
because the dye has to be excreted
what should we give the patient before they have an angiocardiogram - ANS-fluids,
mucomist
what should the nurse monitor closely after an angio cardiogram - ANS-bleeding
how do we stop bleeding after pulling out the sheath - ANS-manual pressure 15 to 20
mins depending on the patient
what should you monitor on a patient who is recovering from an angiograph - ANS-groin
site for bleeding, if it is bleeding apply manual pressure
bleeding internally is called a retroperitoneal bleed what should you monitor for -
ANS-blood pressure drops and heart rate goes up, hematoma, back pain, belly swelling
what else do you have to monitor for after angiograph - ANS-pedal pulses and clots and
it is important to have a baseline assessment
what do you do if your patient comes back from an angiogram and has a hematoma -
ANS-hold pressure
what other ways can they diagnose coronary artery disease - ANS-BNP should be 0
what conditions can elevate the BNP - ANS-pulmonary embolism and heart failure
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